1 00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:27,130 good morning I'm Johnny Eric NASA social 2 00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:28,850 media manager with agencies office of 3 00:00:33,430 --> 00:00:31,490 communications welcome to NASA's first 4 00:00:35,100 --> 00:00:33,440 google+ hangout live with astronauts 5 00:00:37,540 --> 00:00:35,110 aboard the International Space Station 6 00:00:39,189 --> 00:00:37,550 this event connects NASA social media 7 00:00:40,780 --> 00:00:39,199 followers with astronauts here in the 8 00:00:43,210 --> 00:00:40,790 ground and those living and working 9 00:00:44,650 --> 00:00:43,220 aboard the space station orbiting 230 10 00:00:48,100 --> 00:00:44,660 miles above the earth and traveling 11 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:48,110 about 17,500 miles per hour we'll be 12 00:00:51,189 --> 00:00:49,760 taking some select pre-recorded video 13 00:00:52,750 --> 00:00:51,199 questions submitted on YouTube and 14 00:00:56,709 --> 00:00:52,760 real-time questions using the hashtag 15 00:00:58,090 --> 00:00:56,719 ask Astro on google+ and twitter we've 16 00:00:59,290 --> 00:00:58,100 also opened a thread on the NASA 17 00:01:01,780 --> 00:00:59,300 Facebook page where you can post 18 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:01,790 questions will be connecting with the 19 00:01:05,830 --> 00:01:03,890 space station about 30 minutes but first 20 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:05,840 let me introduce those joining us on 21 00:01:10,960 --> 00:01:08,570 today's hangout we have with us nasa 22 00:01:14,020 --> 00:01:10,970 astronaut nicole stott who currently is 23 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:14,030 in houston texas nicole lived and worked 24 00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:16,570 on space station during expedition 2021 25 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:20,360 she also flew again on sts-133 the final 26 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:22,490 mission to space shuttle discovery of 27 00:01:27,789 --> 00:01:25,430 spatial discovery also joining us on the 28 00:01:30,670 --> 00:01:27,799 Hangout is Ashna ron garan who currently 29 00:01:33,399 --> 00:01:30,680 is in San Diego California Ron flew on 30 00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:33,409 shell discoveries STS 124 mission he 31 00:01:38,499 --> 00:01:35,090 also lived and worked on space station 32 00:01:39,999 --> 00:01:38,509 during expedition 27 28 Ron and Nicole 33 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:40,009 will be taking your questions and 34 00:01:44,190 --> 00:01:41,810 questions from to NASA Explorer schools 35 00:01:47,020 --> 00:01:44,200 on today's hangout we have with us 36 00:01:54,399 --> 00:01:47,030 University High School in orlando 37 00:02:01,060 --> 00:01:54,409 florida and mescalero apache school in 38 00:02:04,149 --> 00:02:01,070 new mexico also make a wish foundation 39 00:02:06,429 --> 00:02:04,159 selected Fred from Columbus Ohio to join 40 00:02:08,259 --> 00:02:06,439 us he is currently in Seattle Washington 41 00:02:12,610 --> 00:02:08,269 and we'll be asking Nicole and Ron a 42 00:02:13,780 --> 00:02:12,620 question we have lots of questions so 43 00:02:18,610 --> 00:02:13,790 let's get started with our first one 44 00:02:21,670 --> 00:02:18,620 from YouTube hi I'm Julie I'm in 45 00:02:23,830 --> 00:02:21,680 Maryland my question is what took you by 46 00:02:26,380 --> 00:02:23,840 surprise was there something that you 47 00:02:28,380 --> 00:02:26,390 experienced it nothing could have 48 00:02:34,270 --> 00:02:28,390 prepared you for did you have any 49 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:36,290 I'm gonna go for that one first Ronnie 50 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:41,250 sure okay um well you know I think I 51 00:02:44,690 --> 00:02:42,750 think you try to prepare yourself as 52 00:02:46,550 --> 00:02:44,700 best you can you know down here on earth 53 00:02:48,050 --> 00:02:46,560 and gravity and all of that I think you 54 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:48,060 know there's going to be things that are 55 00:02:52,730 --> 00:02:50,250 surprising to you what it's like to 56 00:02:54,260 --> 00:02:52,740 float around and you know eat food in 57 00:02:55,910 --> 00:02:54,270 space and all that kind of thing but I 58 00:03:00,110 --> 00:02:55,920 really truly don't think there's 59 00:03:01,670 --> 00:03:00,120 anything that can prepare you for what 60 00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:01,680 it looks like out the window and that's 61 00:03:06,830 --> 00:03:03,270 everything from seeing other spacecraft 62 00:03:08,330 --> 00:03:06,840 to you know to our planet Earth and I 63 00:03:11,090 --> 00:03:08,340 think the most surprising thing is just 64 00:03:14,090 --> 00:03:11,100 how beautiful earth really is it makes a 65 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:14,100 real impression on you I think crystal 66 00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:17,730 clear glowing planet and black blackness 67 00:03:25,160 --> 00:03:21,290 of space and you know things like 68 00:03:26,660 --> 00:03:25,170 shooting stars between you and any earth 69 00:03:28,640 --> 00:03:26,670 so you're looking down at them which is 70 00:03:30,260 --> 00:03:28,650 something that just doesn't seem right 71 00:03:32,930 --> 00:03:30,270 you know we're so used to looking up 72 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:32,940 towards the sky for that and I you know 73 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:35,490 I think the overall experiences is just 74 00:03:40,700 --> 00:03:38,490 generally surprising but that view and 75 00:03:44,270 --> 00:03:40,710 the show that you get out the window is 76 00:03:47,150 --> 00:03:44,280 probably the most surprising of all yeah 77 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:47,160 I mean just to add on to that um you 78 00:03:51,950 --> 00:03:50,010 know I don't think I hadn't epiphany one 79 00:03:54,740 --> 00:03:51,960 that when I wanted to space for the 80 00:03:56,630 --> 00:03:54,750 first time I think having lived there 81 00:03:57,980 --> 00:03:56,640 and Nicole lived there for a number of 82 00:04:00,350 --> 00:03:57,990 months as well you know living there for 83 00:04:02,150 --> 00:04:00,360 a number of months it's kind of an 84 00:04:05,740 --> 00:04:02,160 epiphany in slow motion where you see 85 00:04:07,820 --> 00:04:05,750 the seasons change and you see the earth 86 00:04:09,650 --> 00:04:07,830 changing through the through the weeks 87 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:09,660 and once that you're up there and it 88 00:04:13,430 --> 00:04:11,940 really gives you this this sense that 89 00:04:15,740 --> 00:04:13,440 the earth was this living breathing 90 00:04:18,670 --> 00:04:15,750 organism that were that were all on and 91 00:04:22,340 --> 00:04:18,680 I think that to me was it was really 92 00:04:23,990 --> 00:04:22,350 surprising not not in the sense that I 93 00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:24,000 didn't really expect that but in the 94 00:04:29,030 --> 00:04:25,830 sense of how profound that is and how 95 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:29,040 how powerful it is to you know be able 96 00:04:32,570 --> 00:04:30,450 to see the earth in that way every day 97 00:04:37,910 --> 00:04:32,580 so and it's just a really really 98 00:04:39,230 --> 00:04:37,920 wonderful experience okay we're going to 99 00:04:41,780 --> 00:04:39,240 take our first question from social 100 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:41,790 media on Twitter we have NASA Deb ass 101 00:04:45,409 --> 00:04:43,650 I'm trying to vote motivate my 102 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:45,419 seventh-grade math students can you 103 00:04:49,450 --> 00:04:46,890 explain how important math and science 104 00:04:53,780 --> 00:04:49,460 are to the work you do 105 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:53,790 um yeah sure I could I could start on 106 00:04:58,880 --> 00:04:56,370 that one I think math and science are 107 00:05:00,710 --> 00:04:58,890 critically important not just for space 108 00:05:02,930 --> 00:05:00,720 travel but for a lot of things you know 109 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:02,940 we have a lot of challenges facing our 110 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:06,090 planet and a lot of those challenges and 111 00:05:11,780 --> 00:05:08,850 problems have technological solutions 112 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:11,790 and we have a shortage in the US and 113 00:05:15,890 --> 00:05:14,010 actually a shortage worldwide in people 114 00:05:17,330 --> 00:05:15,900 who are trained in math and science and 115 00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:17,340 technical fields and so there's a 116 00:05:22,370 --> 00:05:19,830 there's a great crisis in that respect 117 00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:22,380 because you know we don't have enough 118 00:05:26,990 --> 00:05:23,910 people that are going into those fields 119 00:05:28,910 --> 00:05:27,000 and so um the the good news though that 120 00:05:30,620 --> 00:05:28,920 I guess the good way to look at that for 121 00:05:32,630 --> 00:05:30,630 a young person is in school is that 122 00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:32,640 since since there is a shortage of 123 00:05:35,810 --> 00:05:34,260 people with those skills that means that 124 00:05:38,740 --> 00:05:35,820 there's a lot of job opportunities and 125 00:05:42,110 --> 00:05:38,750 so math and science engineering on 126 00:05:44,600 --> 00:05:42,120 technology all of those are critically 127 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:44,610 important and particularly important in 128 00:05:49,400 --> 00:05:47,010 the space program obviously you know the 129 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:49,410 spacecraft that we fly you know you need 130 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:51,930 those kinds of skills to to not only fly 131 00:05:56,540 --> 00:05:53,610 them with to design them and control 132 00:05:58,340 --> 00:05:56,550 them and pretty much across the board in 133 00:06:01,370 --> 00:05:58,350 the space program it's it's it's a very 134 00:06:03,170 --> 00:06:01,380 very critical skill to have and and so 135 00:06:05,540 --> 00:06:03,180 um you know we need all the help we can 136 00:06:06,950 --> 00:06:05,550 get in the space program and so if 137 00:06:09,530 --> 00:06:06,960 there's a students out there watching 138 00:06:12,110 --> 00:06:09,540 you know really encourage them to just 139 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:12,120 study hard to if you have an interest in 140 00:06:17,570 --> 00:06:14,010 math and science we hope you do to 141 00:06:19,730 --> 00:06:17,580 really pursue those fields as well and I 142 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:19,740 if I can I just like to follow on a 143 00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:22,410 little bit i think you know i agree with 144 00:06:27,050 --> 00:06:24,090 everything Ron said and I think the 145 00:06:29,210 --> 00:06:27,060 opportunities really are pretty it just 146 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:29,220 wide open out there because it's you 147 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:30,570 know everywhere you look around you 148 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:33,090 maths and science is the thing that kind 149 00:06:38,090 --> 00:06:36,330 of is what makes it possible and I think 150 00:06:39,890 --> 00:06:38,100 maybe for you know a seventh-grade class 151 00:06:41,540 --> 00:06:39,900 if you can look around you and see the 152 00:06:43,910 --> 00:06:41,550 the stuff that you think is cool like 153 00:06:47,030 --> 00:06:43,920 how computers work or how space ships 154 00:06:49,880 --> 00:06:47,040 fly or that video game that that you're 155 00:06:51,890 --> 00:06:49,890 playing or even things i remember in 156 00:06:54,830 --> 00:06:51,900 class the the way i really got 157 00:06:56,480 --> 00:06:54,840 interested and excited about a science 158 00:06:57,950 --> 00:06:56,490 especially like physics was a teacher 159 00:06:59,659 --> 00:06:57,960 who taught it based on how roller 160 00:07:01,129 --> 00:06:59,669 coasters work i mean we did our whole 161 00:07:03,830 --> 00:07:01,139 physics class on 162 00:07:05,869 --> 00:07:03,840 how roller coasters work and so it makes 163 00:07:07,790 --> 00:07:05,879 it not only something that you can think 164 00:07:09,050 --> 00:07:07,800 about in terms of what you might do in 165 00:07:11,450 --> 00:07:09,060 the future and how things work around 166 00:07:15,980 --> 00:07:11,460 you but it applies it as well to the 167 00:07:18,619 --> 00:07:15,990 stuff that you just think is fun great 168 00:07:28,550 --> 00:07:18,629 let's take our next question give it to 169 00:07:30,439 --> 00:07:28,560 Fred well Fred um fred has talked a lot 170 00:07:34,999 --> 00:07:30,449 about wanting to be the first kid in 171 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:35,009 space and he is wondering can kids be in 172 00:07:46,939 --> 00:07:42,840 the nest program did you hear me yeah I 173 00:07:48,830 --> 00:07:46,949 got I got ya you know um I think this is 174 00:07:50,749 --> 00:07:48,840 one way Fred thanks great question 175 00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:50,759 because we're really happy to have you 176 00:07:55,850 --> 00:07:53,250 here today and it's nice to see on the 177 00:07:59,059 --> 00:07:55,860 screen and I think what you're doing 178 00:08:02,209 --> 00:07:59,069 right now I think it's this is very much 179 00:08:04,850 --> 00:08:02,219 a part of being or being a part of the 180 00:08:08,600 --> 00:08:04,860 space program having people like you 181 00:08:10,429 --> 00:08:08,610 kids especially that are you know on a 182 00:08:12,769 --> 00:08:10,439 daily basis kind of showing their 183 00:08:14,659 --> 00:08:12,779 excitement for the space program and 184 00:08:17,089 --> 00:08:14,669 their interest in sharing with that with 185 00:08:19,100 --> 00:08:17,099 their friends and family really is a big 186 00:08:20,869 --> 00:08:19,110 deal because that's what what we're 187 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:20,879 trying to do right here and I think NASA 188 00:08:26,869 --> 00:08:23,610 public affairs and NASA as a program is 189 00:08:29,450 --> 00:08:26,879 trying very hard to make sure everybody 190 00:08:30,860 --> 00:08:29,460 shares that same excitement so really 191 00:08:33,230 --> 00:08:30,870 want to thank you for being here today 192 00:08:34,550 --> 00:08:33,240 because that's your doing just that 193 00:08:38,990 --> 00:08:34,560 you're being part of the space program 194 00:08:39,889 --> 00:08:39,000 by participating here today great why 195 00:08:42,949 --> 00:08:39,899 don't why don't we go to our next 196 00:08:45,530 --> 00:08:42,959 question on youtube i am daniel thomas 197 00:08:47,090 --> 00:08:45,540 from united kingdom i was just wondering 198 00:08:49,730 --> 00:08:47,100 if your dreams are effective on 199 00:08:53,090 --> 00:08:49,740 microgravity do you dream as if you were 200 00:09:01,699 --> 00:08:53,100 on earth or are you floating keep up the 201 00:09:05,509 --> 00:09:01,709 amazing work Reiner call ya started this 202 00:09:08,260 --> 00:09:05,519 run I had this dream once when I was in 203 00:09:10,660 --> 00:09:08,270 space that I would that out 204 00:09:12,310 --> 00:09:10,670 I I had this dream was that when I was a 205 00:09:14,350 --> 00:09:12,320 space that I was falling when I woke up 206 00:09:18,850 --> 00:09:14,360 I realized that actually was falling but 207 00:09:21,580 --> 00:09:18,860 I I think that it it's a you know it's 208 00:09:23,140 --> 00:09:21,590 interesting because sleep is a little 209 00:09:24,940 --> 00:09:23,150 bit different for me sleep was a little 210 00:09:33,490 --> 00:09:24,950 bit different in space first of all it 211 00:09:41,860 --> 00:09:33,500 took me a while bitching that my head 212 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:41,870 would naturally black hahaha actually 213 00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:45,170 Ron wheelers drunken sleep but before 214 00:09:54,310 --> 00:09:48,320 you actually fall asleep on occasionally 215 00:09:57,070 --> 00:09:54,320 you'll see okay can you hear me now your 216 00:09:58,720 --> 00:09:57,080 little cuddle kind of me no coldy we 217 00:10:00,430 --> 00:09:58,730 want to just maybe pause your or cut out 218 00:10:03,970 --> 00:10:00,440 a little bit maybe Nicole could you you 219 00:10:05,410 --> 00:10:03,980 want to feel that question okay yeah 220 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:05,420 sure Ron I think yeah you're just 221 00:10:09,940 --> 00:10:08,330 dropping off a little bit but I think 222 00:10:12,250 --> 00:10:09,950 one of the things ron was trying to pass 223 00:10:14,590 --> 00:10:12,260 on as far as dreaming it's think you 224 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:14,600 know feeling like you're dreaming 225 00:10:19,330 --> 00:10:17,210 something as well like um in a dream 226 00:10:21,220 --> 00:10:19,340 where it feels like you're maybe 227 00:10:23,110 --> 00:10:21,230 floating or falling and in fact you 228 00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:23,120 really are kind of floating or falling 229 00:10:27,340 --> 00:10:25,130 where you are in with us in your crew 230 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:27,350 compartment or as you're moving around 231 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:29,810 the space station but one of the other 232 00:10:33,670 --> 00:10:31,250 things that I think interesting about 233 00:10:36,040 --> 00:10:33,680 dreams and it's it's that I felt like I 234 00:10:37,750 --> 00:10:36,050 had kind of this evolution of the way I 235 00:10:41,020 --> 00:10:37,760 was dreaming when I first got there I 236 00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:41,030 still very much dreams were about being 237 00:10:46,300 --> 00:10:44,210 on the earth in gravity and maybe you 238 00:10:48,100 --> 00:10:46,310 know training and that kind of thing but 239 00:10:51,100 --> 00:10:48,110 it kind of moved towards as I 240 00:10:52,330 --> 00:10:51,110 experienced that you know feeling of 241 00:10:53,830 --> 00:10:52,340 weightlessness and what it was like to 242 00:10:55,420 --> 00:10:53,840 be on the space station my dreams 243 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:55,430 actually started to incorporate some of 244 00:10:59,410 --> 00:10:57,200 that as well and now even down here on 245 00:11:01,090 --> 00:10:59,420 earth I I think because I experienced it 246 00:11:06,010 --> 00:11:01,100 it's part of my dreams I have down here 247 00:11:08,950 --> 00:11:06,020 it continues that way too great when we 248 00:11:14,110 --> 00:11:08,960 take our next question from mescalero 249 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:14,120 apache school in New Mexico miss da 250 00:11:20,110 --> 00:11:18,290 Goethe I'm Alex whoo yeah in our first 251 00:11:26,139 --> 00:11:20,120 question that we submitted is what 252 00:11:31,910 --> 00:11:29,060 Roger Katya there yeah I can you guys 253 00:11:33,680 --> 00:11:31,920 still hear me yeah yeah so what 254 00:11:36,290 --> 00:11:33,690 mysteries the space hold it there's a 255 00:11:38,060 --> 00:11:36,300 great deal histories you know there's a 256 00:11:39,710 --> 00:11:38,070 great deal that we understand about 257 00:11:41,240 --> 00:11:39,720 space but there's there's an awful lot 258 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:41,250 that we don't understand as well so 259 00:11:46,629 --> 00:11:43,050 everything from the origins of the 260 00:11:48,650 --> 00:11:46,639 universe to how the human body reacts in 261 00:11:51,920 --> 00:11:48,660 extended periods of weightlessness and 262 00:11:53,660 --> 00:11:51,930 with the radiation no is there life on 263 00:11:57,259 --> 00:11:53,670 other planets has there ever been like 264 00:11:59,689 --> 00:11:57,269 one on the planet so there's the list is 265 00:12:02,720 --> 00:11:59,699 endless it's so endless that we don't 266 00:12:04,309 --> 00:12:02,730 even know that you know the things that 267 00:12:06,499 --> 00:12:04,319 we don't know at this point so if 268 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:06,509 there's an awful lot to discover it's 269 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:08,130 it's really important for us to see 270 00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:10,290 what's over that next hill and to UM 271 00:12:14,809 --> 00:12:12,480 keep exploring so it's some great 272 00:12:18,650 --> 00:12:14,819 question and we're trying to solve as 273 00:12:20,689 --> 00:12:18,660 many mysteries as we can great how about 274 00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:20,699 Nicole answer this next question it's 275 00:12:25,009 --> 00:12:23,670 from google plus max Tully ass what's 276 00:12:30,199 --> 00:12:25,019 the worst part about being in low 277 00:12:33,350 --> 00:12:30,209 gravity environment the worst part wow 278 00:12:35,180 --> 00:12:33,360 you know I am you know I thought the 279 00:12:37,540 --> 00:12:35,190 whole experience everything from 280 00:12:40,220 --> 00:12:37,550 cleaning the potty to work in a 281 00:12:43,460 --> 00:12:40,230 spacewalk and just being in that 282 00:12:45,019 --> 00:12:43,470 environment was awesome so I think that 283 00:12:46,460 --> 00:12:45,029 you know the experience itself there's 284 00:12:48,680 --> 00:12:46,470 not I don't think there's a worse part 285 00:12:50,300 --> 00:12:48,690 of that I for me it really and I think 286 00:12:51,740 --> 00:12:50,310 for a lot of others it's more just that 287 00:12:54,230 --> 00:12:51,750 you know you're not there with your 288 00:12:55,850 --> 00:12:54,240 family you have all those you know the 289 00:12:57,680 --> 00:12:55,860 people that you care about are still on 290 00:13:00,110 --> 00:12:57,690 earth and you're trying to share it with 291 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:00,120 them as best you can through video 292 00:13:04,370 --> 00:13:01,740 conferencing and talking on the phone 293 00:13:06,319 --> 00:13:04,380 and that kind of thing but I really 294 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:06,329 think you know that's probably the 295 00:13:10,100 --> 00:13:08,730 hardest part is just you know not having 296 00:13:10,970 --> 00:13:10,110 your family there with you especially if 297 00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:10,980 you know they'd like to be up there 298 00:13:16,759 --> 00:13:14,540 experience in that same thing as well 299 00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:16,769 Thanks why don't we take another 300 00:13:27,650 --> 00:13:24,360 question from YouTube I live in Franklin 301 00:13:29,449 --> 00:13:27,660 Tennessee my class is starting space and 302 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:29,459 I would like to know how do you exercise 303 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:32,010 to keep your body healthy in space thank 304 00:13:40,580 --> 00:13:38,150 so so happy exercise in space you know 305 00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:40,590 the human body is an amazing thing and 306 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:42,990 it adapts really really quickly to any 307 00:13:46,610 --> 00:13:44,730 environment that we're in and 308 00:13:48,170 --> 00:13:46,620 unfortunately that's not always a good 309 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:48,180 thing because as soon as you get the 310 00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:50,370 space your body starts to realize it 311 00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:51,690 doesn't need a skeleton anymore and it 312 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:52,920 doesn't need muscles and your legs 313 00:13:58,160 --> 00:13:55,290 anymore because of the microgravity 314 00:14:01,160 --> 00:13:58,170 environment so we actually have to work 315 00:14:03,950 --> 00:14:01,170 out two hours a day every day and that 316 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:03,960 turns out to be a really effective at 317 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:06,510 keeping you your bone density keeping 318 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:09,410 your muscle mass and it's it's really 319 00:14:13,940 --> 00:14:12,330 paying a lot of dividends and so we do 320 00:14:15,860 --> 00:14:13,950 about an hour of aerobics every day an 321 00:14:18,590 --> 00:14:15,870 hour of what's called weightlifting we 322 00:14:20,900 --> 00:14:18,600 have two treadmills on board we've got 323 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:20,910 two stationary bikes and we had on 324 00:14:26,090 --> 00:14:24,210 special weight lifting equipment that 325 00:14:27,740 --> 00:14:26,100 you know you could do almost any type of 326 00:14:34,310 --> 00:14:27,750 exercise that we can do on the ground we 327 00:14:36,260 --> 00:14:34,320 could do in space great why don't we 328 00:14:42,410 --> 00:14:36,270 take next question from University High 329 00:14:44,210 --> 00:14:42,420 School in orlando right now in the ISS 330 00:14:46,930 --> 00:14:44,220 there are all men so do things change 331 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:46,940 where I'm going to ask you out there too 332 00:14:54,830 --> 00:14:51,090 that's a good one for Nicole mm-hmm or 333 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:54,840 maybe it's a good one for you um you 334 00:14:59,660 --> 00:14:57,210 know like everywhere I think things are 335 00:15:01,310 --> 00:14:59,670 better when there are women around and I 336 00:15:04,850 --> 00:15:01,320 think that's certainly true in space and 337 00:15:07,090 --> 00:15:04,860 i can tell you i sure enjoyed it um you 338 00:15:10,250 --> 00:15:07,100 know as somebody who went through school 339 00:15:12,410 --> 00:15:10,260 primarily with with other guys I was in 340 00:15:14,270 --> 00:15:12,420 engineering and so you get used to be 341 00:15:17,810 --> 00:15:14,280 and sometimes the only girl girl there 342 00:15:19,190 --> 00:15:17,820 but I did get the chance on my second 343 00:15:20,990 --> 00:15:19,200 flight to spend some time up there with 344 00:15:24,530 --> 00:15:21,000 cady coleman to she was up there and ron 345 00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:24,540 ron was there they overlapped as well on 346 00:15:29,750 --> 00:15:26,970 his second flight and you know i think 347 00:15:33,080 --> 00:15:29,760 in general it's just nice to have people 348 00:15:35,270 --> 00:15:33,090 up there and as you know as a woman that 349 00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:35,280 was there i really enjoyed it I think 350 00:15:39,530 --> 00:15:37,410 you know crew members in general you 351 00:15:41,630 --> 00:15:39,540 kind of your individuals so you're 352 00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:41,640 figuring out your own thing along the 353 00:15:45,680 --> 00:15:43,530 way whether you're a boy or a girl but I 354 00:15:48,319 --> 00:15:45,690 would have to say I think it's better up 355 00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:48,329 there with women I have to agree 356 00:15:52,609 --> 00:15:50,910 so although Nicole and I never got a 357 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:52,619 chance to fly a space together we got to 358 00:15:55,609 --> 00:15:53,850 live on the bottom of the ocean for 359 00:15:58,150 --> 00:15:55,619 three weeks together and that's it's fun 360 00:16:00,889 --> 00:15:58,160 and you know we have an integrated team 361 00:16:03,009 --> 00:16:00,899 men and women and men and women of many 362 00:16:04,879 --> 00:16:03,019 different countries and cultures and 363 00:16:08,150 --> 00:16:04,889 when everybody is working together 364 00:16:10,039 --> 00:16:08,160 towards the same goal it's a you know it 365 00:16:12,309 --> 00:16:10,049 doesn't matter whether you're a man or a 366 00:16:18,019 --> 00:16:12,319 woman or what country you're from it's a 367 00:16:19,609 --> 00:16:18,029 just worth trying to work together great 368 00:16:23,629 --> 00:16:19,619 why don't we now take another question 369 00:16:26,869 --> 00:16:23,639 from YouTube Oh NASA this is Jim Cooper 370 00:16:30,340 --> 00:16:26,879 my question is what effect does zero 371 00:16:32,569 --> 00:16:30,350 gravity environment have own blood flow 372 00:16:34,549 --> 00:16:32,579 particularly on blood as it flows 373 00:16:39,979 --> 00:16:34,559 through the blood vessels and I'll sell 374 00:16:43,609 --> 00:16:39,989 in the heart thank you I can try that 375 00:16:46,929 --> 00:16:43,619 one run if you want sure I think there's 376 00:16:49,389 --> 00:16:46,939 a there's a general kind of 377 00:16:51,859 --> 00:16:49,399 physiological phenomenon that happens 378 00:16:53,389 --> 00:16:51,869 when you're in zero gravity and that's 379 00:16:56,869 --> 00:16:53,399 and you've probably seen it when you see 380 00:16:58,999 --> 00:16:56,879 astronauts first get to space you know 381 00:17:01,759 --> 00:16:59,009 face is kind of puff up and you know 382 00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:01,769 your eyes look a little thinner and but 383 00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:03,480 your head just kind of gets fuller and 384 00:17:06,980 --> 00:17:05,610 that's because the fluids not just the 385 00:17:09,590 --> 00:17:06,990 blood in your body but the fluids are 386 00:17:12,319 --> 00:17:09,600 shifting up towards your head because of 387 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:12,329 that microgravity environment and for a 388 00:17:16,009 --> 00:17:14,010 lot of people that it seems to happen 389 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:16,019 you know more significantly than others 390 00:17:18,919 --> 00:17:17,490 and I think that's kind of cool Ron said 391 00:17:21,949 --> 00:17:18,929 something about how quickly the body 392 00:17:24,189 --> 00:17:21,959 adapts and it really does it but it's a 393 00:17:26,449 --> 00:17:24,199 little bit different for everyone and 394 00:17:28,159 --> 00:17:26,459 some people's faces give puffier than 395 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:28,169 others some people then because of that 396 00:17:33,799 --> 00:17:29,970 feel more congested kind of like you 397 00:17:36,799 --> 00:17:33,809 have a sinus infection or a cult you 398 00:17:38,810 --> 00:17:36,809 know a head cold so that happens in that 399 00:17:40,549 --> 00:17:38,820 kind of mellows out after a while but 400 00:17:42,799 --> 00:17:40,559 your fluids have still shifted and 401 00:17:44,690 --> 00:17:42,809 because of that your body manages it a 402 00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:44,700 little bit differently too and so your 403 00:17:50,240 --> 00:17:47,760 heart actually you know responds to that 404 00:17:52,100 --> 00:17:50,250 by you know over time would actually 405 00:17:55,700 --> 00:17:52,110 change size maybe gets smaller does it 406 00:17:57,169 --> 00:17:55,710 need to pump quite as much and so there 407 00:17:59,299 --> 00:17:57,179 are a lot of actually really cool 408 00:18:01,000 --> 00:17:59,309 studies going on to look at blood 409 00:18:04,460 --> 00:18:01,010 pressure and 410 00:18:07,340 --> 00:18:04,470 the pulse rate and what your heart is 411 00:18:09,380 --> 00:18:07,350 actually doing in space and but one of 412 00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:09,390 the things you'll see is puffy faces and 413 00:18:16,490 --> 00:18:10,770 little skinny legs because of the way 414 00:18:18,050 --> 00:18:16,500 the fluid shift okay thanks for those 415 00:18:20,210 --> 00:18:18,060 just tuning in remember if you want to 416 00:18:23,210 --> 00:18:20,220 ask a question please use the hashtag 417 00:18:25,130 --> 00:18:23,220 ask Astro on Twitter or Google+ and 418 00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:25,140 we'll try to get it if we can trying to 419 00:18:29,690 --> 00:18:26,640 feel as many questions as we can today 420 00:18:32,540 --> 00:18:29,700 the next one is on YouTube and it's from 421 00:18:34,490 --> 00:18:32,550 Andrew Rufus who asks so what protects 422 00:18:39,380 --> 00:18:34,500 you from radiation and you still even 423 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:39,390 get any from what protects you um I can 424 00:18:44,170 --> 00:18:42,690 thank you take a stab at that um so the 425 00:18:46,250 --> 00:18:44,180 atmosphere honor at the atmosphere 426 00:18:47,810 --> 00:18:46,260 provides a great amount of protection 427 00:18:50,180 --> 00:18:47,820 for radiation but when we get outside 428 00:18:53,420 --> 00:18:50,190 the atmosphere we no longer have that 429 00:18:55,460 --> 00:18:53,430 protection we do not notice since the 430 00:18:57,650 --> 00:18:55,470 space station is in orbit around the 431 00:18:59,480 --> 00:18:57,660 earth and low Earth orbit there is still 432 00:19:02,300 --> 00:18:59,490 some protection being that that close to 433 00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:02,310 the earth but once you get a wave from 434 00:19:05,810 --> 00:19:03,450 the earth and you get outside a low 435 00:19:08,090 --> 00:19:05,820 Earth orbit and you're in open space if 436 00:19:09,620 --> 00:19:08,100 you will then you know radiation is a 437 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:09,630 big problem so there's their shielding 438 00:19:15,620 --> 00:19:12,210 it turns out that water actually is a 439 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:15,630 very good shield for radiation um we 440 00:19:20,090 --> 00:19:17,610 have the crew quarters that we sleep in 441 00:19:23,180 --> 00:19:20,100 have some radiation shielding on them as 442 00:19:25,700 --> 00:19:23,190 well or some radiation protection and so 443 00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:25,710 it is a big concern and we track how 444 00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:27,210 much radiation that we get while we're 445 00:19:32,930 --> 00:19:30,450 up there and you know over the life of 446 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:32,940 your career um you know we have to limit 447 00:19:37,220 --> 00:19:35,490 that to a certain amount so it's 448 00:19:40,010 --> 00:19:37,230 something that we really watch carefully 449 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:40,020 it's a major concern for you know what 450 00:19:43,370 --> 00:19:41,730 we need when we go to Mars or you know 451 00:19:45,260 --> 00:19:43,380 we start to explore the solar system 452 00:19:47,780 --> 00:19:45,270 we're going to have to devise better 453 00:19:51,980 --> 00:19:47,790 ways to to shield astronauts from 454 00:19:53,660 --> 00:19:51,990 radiation it's a great question great 455 00:19:58,940 --> 00:19:53,670 why don't we take one now from the 456 00:20:00,800 --> 00:19:58,950 school in Mescalero New Mexico my name 457 00:20:03,860 --> 00:20:00,810 is over and i want to ask the question 458 00:20:06,290 --> 00:20:03,870 about the bone density how do astronauts 459 00:20:10,690 --> 00:20:06,300 cook the bone density and owned a 460 00:20:16,130 --> 00:20:14,000 well one of the things we do and it's 461 00:20:17,930 --> 00:20:16,140 what Ron mentioned before with response 462 00:20:20,270 --> 00:20:17,940 to the exercise question I think it's 463 00:20:24,290 --> 00:20:20,280 the primary thing that we're doing now 464 00:20:25,820 --> 00:20:24,300 to maintain bone density as well as 465 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:25,830 maintain muscle mass because you don't 466 00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:28,250 you don't want to lose that either and 467 00:20:32,780 --> 00:20:30,450 it's really cool i mean the exercise 468 00:20:34,610 --> 00:20:32,790 equipment we have now is great Ron 469 00:20:36,530 --> 00:20:34,620 mentioned the weightlifting we have this 470 00:20:39,650 --> 00:20:36,540 resistive exercise device that allows 471 00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:39,660 you to do the major muscle group like 472 00:20:42,980 --> 00:20:41,250 weight lifting exercise just like you 473 00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:42,990 would on the ground like squats and 474 00:20:48,230 --> 00:20:44,910 deadlifts and presses and all of those 475 00:20:51,290 --> 00:20:48,240 things and that is probably the main 476 00:20:54,830 --> 00:20:51,300 contributor to maintenance of bone 477 00:20:59,360 --> 00:20:54,840 density in addition to us watching the 478 00:21:01,549 --> 00:20:59,370 our diet and supplementing with vitamins 479 00:21:04,610 --> 00:21:01,559 like vitamin D to help to help maintain 480 00:21:06,320 --> 00:21:04,620 that as well and again there are lots of 481 00:21:08,630 --> 00:21:06,330 scientists and really smart people out 482 00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:08,640 there that are looking at how can we 483 00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:10,770 best do that because it is it is a very 484 00:21:13,970 --> 00:21:12,570 important thing Ron sent it to your body 485 00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:13,980 doesn't think it needs a skeleton up 486 00:21:19,310 --> 00:21:17,370 there so it will very quickly try to get 487 00:21:21,830 --> 00:21:19,320 rid of it or not pay attention to it 488 00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:21,840 anymore so the science that's going on 489 00:21:26,360 --> 00:21:23,850 there is is really really interesting 490 00:21:29,210 --> 00:21:26,370 and I really like that there's this 491 00:21:31,580 --> 00:21:29,220 approach with exercise versus always you 492 00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:31,590 know trying to take a you know an 493 00:21:35,480 --> 00:21:32,850 approach of using some kind of 494 00:21:39,680 --> 00:21:35,490 medication to help with things like that 495 00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:39,690 so so great question and lots of good 496 00:21:43,790 --> 00:21:42,000 signs going on there yeah and if i can 497 00:21:46,790 --> 00:21:43,800 add just one thing to that is you know 498 00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:46,800 we need to learn how to counteract this 499 00:21:50,990 --> 00:21:48,510 effect for astronauts in space but it 500 00:21:53,180 --> 00:21:51,000 also has incredible applications to 501 00:21:54,830 --> 00:21:53,190 things like osteoporosis here on earth 502 00:21:57,830 --> 00:21:54,840 and we're really learning a lot about 503 00:21:59,180 --> 00:21:57,840 how to combat osteoporosis e so it's a 504 00:22:02,960 --> 00:21:59,190 great benefit of the research that's 505 00:22:04,130 --> 00:22:02,970 that's been conducted thanks i think we 506 00:22:05,870 --> 00:22:04,140 have a time for a few more questions 507 00:22:07,310 --> 00:22:05,880 before we connect with international 508 00:22:09,539 --> 00:22:07,320 space station let's take another one 509 00:22:12,269 --> 00:22:09,549 from youtube 510 00:22:14,009 --> 00:22:12,279 this is mrs. Brennan mrs. fifth period 511 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:14,019 earth and science class at the queer 512 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:16,450 school located in tyrone pennsylvania in 513 00:22:20,220 --> 00:22:18,610 the united states right curious about 514 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:20,230 the time you say this and will like to 515 00:22:24,029 --> 00:22:22,450 use this opportunity to ask how do you 516 00:22:26,009 --> 00:22:24,039 know when it's time to either sleep when 517 00:22:28,619 --> 00:22:26,019 there really isn't daytime or nighttime 518 00:22:30,509 --> 00:22:28,629 on the space station we appreciate what 519 00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:30,519 you do and wish you luck in your mission 520 00:22:39,989 --> 00:22:36,850 ah well you eat when you're hungry and 521 00:22:42,180 --> 00:22:39,999 your sleep when you're tired yeah so we 522 00:22:44,070 --> 00:22:42,190 have we have 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets 523 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:44,080 every day so we can't really use the Sun 524 00:22:49,019 --> 00:22:45,850 to determine when to sleep and went to 525 00:22:51,239 --> 00:22:49,029 went to wake up but we just basically go 526 00:22:53,820 --> 00:22:51,249 off the clock and we keep track of the 527 00:22:56,159 --> 00:22:53,830 clock um some cream members will do 528 00:22:57,720 --> 00:22:56,169 things like you know not look out the 529 00:22:59,940 --> 00:22:57,730 window when it's when it's getting close 530 00:23:03,299 --> 00:22:59,950 to bedtime and lex are on the dark side 531 00:23:05,159 --> 00:23:03,309 of the orbit but we have crew quarters 532 00:23:07,590 --> 00:23:05,169 that we can block the light out and so 533 00:23:09,930 --> 00:23:07,600 after a while you get used to that and 534 00:23:13,349 --> 00:23:09,940 I'm Nichola Jeff anything you on the 535 00:23:16,049 --> 00:23:13,359 head well just that it's it is it's a 536 00:23:17,580 --> 00:23:16,059 really interesting thing because a lot 537 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:17,590 of times it's like being you know like 538 00:23:21,299 --> 00:23:19,210 imagine yourself inside of a room 539 00:23:22,529 --> 00:23:21,309 without windows for you know for an 540 00:23:25,499 --> 00:23:22,539 extended period of time and how you 541 00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:25,509 manage it that way but the windows are a 542 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:27,970 big deal and you know because our body 543 00:23:32,190 --> 00:23:30,129 has these kind of circadian rhythms or 544 00:23:35,609 --> 00:23:32,200 you know things that give it the cue to 545 00:23:38,220 --> 00:23:35,619 be tired or be awake they're doing 546 00:23:40,349 --> 00:23:38,230 things to try to help manage that for us 547 00:23:42,239 --> 00:23:40,359 in space two and one of the things we're 548 00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:42,249 starting to implement are these new new 549 00:23:46,229 --> 00:23:44,980 lights on board fat for the main part of 550 00:23:47,849 --> 00:23:46,239 the day you would have what we call 551 00:23:50,009 --> 00:23:47,859 general lighting on and it's got one 552 00:23:51,779 --> 00:23:50,019 kind of color associated with it and 553 00:23:53,580 --> 00:23:51,789 then when you're getting ready to go to 554 00:23:54,989 --> 00:23:53,590 bed they have this you know different 555 00:23:58,619 --> 00:23:54,999 color light I think it's more of an 556 00:24:01,049 --> 00:23:58,629 orange e color that is your kind of 557 00:24:02,399 --> 00:24:01,059 pre-sleep getting you ready to go to bed 558 00:24:03,899 --> 00:24:02,409 and then in the morning they're looking 559 00:24:06,330 --> 00:24:03,909 at you know spending some time with a 560 00:24:09,060 --> 00:24:06,340 bluer light that helps you phase shift 561 00:24:11,519 --> 00:24:09,070 and wake up so you know in addition to 562 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:11,529 the clock like Ron mentioned which is 563 00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:13,090 really and truly the primary thing 564 00:24:16,680 --> 00:24:14,559 you've got this timeline telling you 565 00:24:18,210 --> 00:24:16,690 what to do and when they're really 566 00:24:22,889 --> 00:24:18,220 looking at how do we supplement it to 567 00:24:27,219 --> 00:24:25,209 okay why don't we try to take one more 568 00:24:34,599 --> 00:24:27,229 question from University High School in 569 00:24:36,369 --> 00:24:34,609 Orlando what scientists do you do and 570 00:24:42,399 --> 00:24:36,379 did you make any interesting discoveries 571 00:24:46,839 --> 00:24:42,409 during your time on the ISS okay she's 572 00:24:49,089 --> 00:24:46,849 pointing at me um you know it that 573 00:24:51,519 --> 00:24:49,099 question would depict a long time to 574 00:24:54,609 --> 00:24:51,529 answer because 24 hours a day seven days 575 00:24:56,139 --> 00:24:54,619 a week we are conducting all kinds of 576 00:24:58,779 --> 00:24:56,149 different experiments experiments to 577 00:25:00,309 --> 00:24:58,789 look at new materials new medicines a 578 00:25:01,899 --> 00:25:00,319 better understanding of the human body 579 00:25:05,169 --> 00:25:01,909 of understanding understanding at the 580 00:25:08,469 --> 00:25:05,179 earth of environmental factors new ways 581 00:25:10,930 --> 00:25:08,479 to make energy on there is a great deal 582 00:25:12,489 --> 00:25:10,940 of science going on we have the Japanese 583 00:25:14,829 --> 00:25:12,499 laboratory the European laboratory the 584 00:25:16,930 --> 00:25:14,839 u.s. laboratory laboratory facilities 585 00:25:19,509 --> 00:25:16,940 throughout the Russian part of the space 586 00:25:21,849 --> 00:25:19,519 station and all of these experiments 587 00:25:23,829 --> 00:25:21,859 what they all have in common is they 588 00:25:26,139 --> 00:25:23,839 they're trying to do two things one is 589 00:25:27,579 --> 00:25:26,149 they're trying to enable us to explore 590 00:25:30,599 --> 00:25:27,589 further and further into the solar 591 00:25:33,279 --> 00:25:30,609 system on with human exploration and 592 00:25:35,319 --> 00:25:33,289 robotic exploration but it's also as the 593 00:25:37,419 --> 00:25:35,329 goal of trying to make life better on 594 00:25:39,129 --> 00:25:37,429 planet earth and try and solve a lot of 595 00:25:41,079 --> 00:25:39,139 the problems and the reason why we have 596 00:25:42,789 --> 00:25:41,089 all these facilities up there is because 597 00:25:44,319 --> 00:25:42,799 the science that's being conducted on 598 00:25:45,759 --> 00:25:44,329 the International Space Station simply 599 00:25:48,029 --> 00:25:45,769 cannot be conducted anywhere else on 600 00:25:49,899 --> 00:25:48,039 earth it's a very very unique 601 00:25:53,229 --> 00:25:49,909 experimental environment the 602 00:25:56,619 --> 00:25:53,239 weightlessness that you have on it is 603 00:25:58,749 --> 00:25:56,629 really something that makes scientific 604 00:26:01,299 --> 00:25:58,759 results different than you would get on 605 00:26:03,219 --> 00:26:01,309 earth and sometimes it unlocks you know 606 00:26:05,199 --> 00:26:03,229 we talked about mysteries before we are 607 00:26:07,059 --> 00:26:05,209 are unlocking some of these mysteries 608 00:26:12,039 --> 00:26:07,069 because of the science that we're doing 609 00:26:13,989 --> 00:26:12,049 on board great let's say we have about 610 00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:13,999 four minutes until we connect with the 611 00:26:19,869 --> 00:26:16,159 space station this questions for both of 612 00:26:22,539 --> 00:26:19,879 you and it's from Twitter l.l well 613 00:26:24,099 --> 00:26:22,549 underscore Donna ass when did you know 614 00:26:25,419 --> 00:26:24,109 you want to be an astronaut and how 615 00:26:28,910 --> 00:26:25,429 early did you start working toward your 616 00:26:35,390 --> 00:26:33,680 oh okay well you know um I I'm one of 617 00:26:36,830 --> 00:26:35,400 those people yeah and it's yeah it's 618 00:26:38,900 --> 00:26:36,840 going to be hard to believe old enough 619 00:26:42,430 --> 00:26:38,910 to have watched that first moon landing 620 00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:42,440 and and I can tell ya I no surprise it 621 00:26:47,450 --> 00:26:45,330 it it made a real impression on me but I 622 00:26:49,850 --> 00:26:47,460 think it made an impression as as a kid 623 00:26:52,790 --> 00:26:49,860 that thought it was something really 624 00:26:55,220 --> 00:26:52,800 cool and and it was a really long time 625 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:55,230 before that that impression of 626 00:26:58,880 --> 00:26:56,730 impression evolved into something that 627 00:27:01,370 --> 00:26:58,890 was something that I thought could 628 00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:01,380 happen for me I grew up with a dad who 629 00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:03,330 like to fly I was always interested in 630 00:27:06,170 --> 00:27:04,890 flying because of that I knew I wanted 631 00:27:09,770 --> 00:27:06,180 to do something that was related to 632 00:27:12,950 --> 00:27:09,780 flying and I lived in Florida go Orlando 633 00:27:14,870 --> 00:27:12,960 and so grew up near the Kennedy Space 634 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:14,880 Center and knew I wanted to work with 635 00:27:21,380 --> 00:27:16,530 the space program but it really and 636 00:27:24,110 --> 00:27:21,390 truly wasn't until I was at KSC working 637 00:27:26,120 --> 00:27:24,120 for several years that it started to 638 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:26,130 become something that felt like it could 639 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:28,410 be real and I'm very thankful for people 640 00:27:32,420 --> 00:27:30,330 that I consider to be mentors from then 641 00:27:36,380 --> 00:27:32,430 and through today that encouraged me to 642 00:27:38,450 --> 00:27:36,390 apply and I think for me I was kind of 643 00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:38,460 fortunate because I like a lot of others 644 00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:40,290 paid attention to what I enjoy doing I 645 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:41,850 keep think flying was at the basis of 646 00:27:46,010 --> 00:27:43,410 that that led to an engineering degree 647 00:27:48,050 --> 00:27:46,020 which evolved to working for NASA and 648 00:27:53,450 --> 00:27:48,060 then ultimately having the opportunity 649 00:28:00,110 --> 00:27:53,460 to become an astronaut Ron you want its 650 00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:00,120 own yeah well um you know I didn't want 651 00:28:03,710 --> 00:28:02,070 to be an astronaut my whole life only 652 00:28:06,770 --> 00:28:03,720 since July twentieth nineteen sixty-nine 653 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:06,780 so I was I was a little kid just like a 654 00:28:11,090 --> 00:28:08,090 Cole watching the moon landing an 655 00:28:13,370 --> 00:28:11,100 interesting story is you know throughout 656 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:13,380 my whole life since that point you know 657 00:28:16,730 --> 00:28:14,970 I wanted to be an ass shot i was working 658 00:28:18,530 --> 00:28:16,740 even as a kid to be an astronaut but 659 00:28:20,030 --> 00:28:18,540 when i get to high school I kind of lost 660 00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:20,040 that dream and I lost that train because 661 00:28:24,170 --> 00:28:22,110 it was after Skylab it was before the 662 00:28:25,940 --> 00:28:24,180 shuttle had ever flown and I didn't 663 00:28:27,530 --> 00:28:25,950 think we had a space program and so it 664 00:28:29,300 --> 00:28:27,540 didn't make any sense to try and be an 665 00:28:30,740 --> 00:28:29,310 astronaut since we never accorded to 666 00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:30,750 what I thought we didn't have a space 667 00:28:34,330 --> 00:28:32,490 program anymore but when I was a 668 00:28:37,220 --> 00:28:34,340 sophomore in college they had the first 669 00:28:39,950 --> 00:28:37,230 mission of the space shuttle and it 670 00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:39,960 completely reawakened that dream and the 671 00:28:44,340 --> 00:28:42,370 very next day I wanted to make 672 00:28:46,110 --> 00:28:44,350 counselor my counselors and advisors and 673 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:46,120 said how can I start taking math and 674 00:28:50,340 --> 00:28:47,650 science I you know I want to start 675 00:28:52,430 --> 00:28:50,350 pursuing an engineering degree and 15 676 00:28:55,740 --> 00:28:52,440 years later or more than 15 years later 677 00:28:59,100 --> 00:28:55,750 I was able to become an astronaut and so 678 00:29:01,560 --> 00:28:59,110 I think that's a really good powerful 679 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:01,570 story about how the space program is 680 00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:04,210 going to inspire people to study hard 681 00:29:07,530 --> 00:29:06,130 into work hard and to enter the fields 682 00:29:11,010 --> 00:29:07,540 of math in size so it really had an 683 00:29:12,690 --> 00:29:11,020 effect on me personally and if you don't 684 00:29:14,130 --> 00:29:12,700 mind I'm gonna follow on a little bit to 685 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:14,140 what Ron just said because I think he 686 00:29:18,780 --> 00:29:16,690 made a really really key point there and 687 00:29:21,090 --> 00:29:18,790 talking about that kind of transition he 688 00:29:23,310 --> 00:29:21,100 had where he didn't think there was a 689 00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:23,320 space program and I think you know with 690 00:29:27,540 --> 00:29:25,330 what's going on in these days where 691 00:29:29,669 --> 00:29:27,550 we've retired the space shuttle and 692 00:29:31,260 --> 00:29:29,679 we're looking towards some you know 693 00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:31,270 different vehicles for going beyond 694 00:29:35,460 --> 00:29:34,090 lower I hated it Nicole hate they're up 695 00:29:36,900 --> 00:29:35,470 to I just you can face the thought 696 00:29:38,910 --> 00:29:36,910 afterward but we're about to connect 697 00:29:42,150 --> 00:29:38,920 with a Space Station astronauts Kevin 698 00:29:44,100 --> 00:29:42,160 Ford Tom Marshburn of NASA and Chris 699 00:29:46,230 --> 00:29:44,110 Hadfield k space agency with the Nash 700 00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:46,240 spacers are about to join us alright 701 00:29:48,780 --> 00:29:47,380 well that's that's gonna be more 702 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:48,790 exciting than anything I can say but 703 00:29:52,380 --> 00:29:50,170 just to let you all know the space 704 00:29:53,580 --> 00:29:52,390 program is alive and well and if you 705 00:30:04,590 --> 00:29:53,590 want to be an astronaut you should go 706 00:30:10,580 --> 00:30:04,600 for it thank you station this is Houston 707 00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:10,590 are you ready for the event Houston 708 00:30:15,690 --> 00:30:14,050 stations ready for the event google+ 709 00:30:18,750 --> 00:30:15,700 moderator this is Mission Control 710 00:30:21,390 --> 00:30:18,760 Houston please call station for a voice 711 00:30:27,150 --> 00:30:21,400 check station this is a Google+ Hangout 712 00:30:29,190 --> 00:30:27,160 how do you hear me google+ hangout 713 00:30:31,710 --> 00:30:29,200 International Space Station we have you 714 00:30:33,419 --> 00:30:31,720 loud and clear aboard we have our way 715 00:30:35,130 --> 00:30:33,429 own way of hanging out up here watch my 716 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:35,140 buddies hang out we're ready to hang out 717 00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:40,570 with you guys welcome aboard awesome we 718 00:30:43,140 --> 00:30:41,530 have a lot of questions for you guys 719 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:43,150 today so let's start the first one from 720 00:30:49,740 --> 00:30:47,410 YouTube I'm Kristin well I'm ready and 721 00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:49,750 we're from Union High School in Iowa our 722 00:30:53,659 --> 00:30:52,320 question is what is the exact purpose 723 00:31:00,680 --> 00:30:53,669 how many humans live on the space 724 00:31:02,360 --> 00:31:00,690 station Thanks well the whole point of 725 00:31:04,340 --> 00:31:02,370 having a space station is to have some 726 00:31:07,399 --> 00:31:04,350 place in space where people can take 727 00:31:09,740 --> 00:31:07,409 their ideas we have a huge power supply 728 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:09,750 up here we have a lot of rackspace and 729 00:31:13,220 --> 00:31:11,610 we have a lot of scientists on the 730 00:31:15,139 --> 00:31:13,230 ground with a lot of ideas about things 731 00:31:16,730 --> 00:31:15,149 to do in space we have literally 732 00:31:19,879 --> 00:31:16,740 hundreds of experiments going on right 733 00:31:21,499 --> 00:31:19,889 now as we were working up here and the 734 00:31:23,419 --> 00:31:21,509 space station really offers a lot of 735 00:31:25,310 --> 00:31:23,429 flexibility to us that you wouldn't have 736 00:31:26,419 --> 00:31:25,320 if you wanted to put an experiment in 737 00:31:28,100 --> 00:31:26,429 space and you didn't have a space 738 00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:28,110 station I don't know where you'd put it 739 00:31:32,180 --> 00:31:30,330 right next to this is a rack yesterday 740 00:31:34,399 --> 00:31:32,190 we took an experiment out of it called 741 00:31:37,669 --> 00:31:34,409 in space which is looking at special 742 00:31:40,610 --> 00:31:37,679 magnetic fluids that can change the the 743 00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:40,620 way we have really changed the operation 744 00:31:45,649 --> 00:31:43,200 of braking systems and maybe have 745 00:31:48,169 --> 00:31:45,659 applications to seismic dampers and 746 00:31:50,810 --> 00:31:48,179 stuff or earthquake zones many many many 747 00:31:52,850 --> 00:31:50,820 good offsets from that particular 748 00:31:55,759 --> 00:31:52,860 experiment and we finished it out 749 00:31:57,619 --> 00:31:55,769 yesterday and we're going to put in a 750 00:32:00,139 --> 00:31:57,629 new experiment next week that's coming 751 00:32:01,789 --> 00:32:00,149 up on Dragon and it'll look at a 752 00:32:03,710 --> 00:32:01,799 completely different kind of thing you 753 00:32:05,149 --> 00:32:03,720 look at the way metals form in zero 754 00:32:07,129 --> 00:32:05,159 gravity it's very important for us to 755 00:32:08,629 --> 00:32:07,139 look at the way the crystals formed 756 00:32:10,549 --> 00:32:08,639 because it can make things very much 757 00:32:12,379 --> 00:32:10,559 stronger and so these are things that 758 00:32:14,419 --> 00:32:12,389 can only be done in zero gravity and we 759 00:32:17,080 --> 00:32:14,429 have no lack of ideas of things to do up 760 00:32:19,039 --> 00:32:17,090 here and we're here to facilitate it 761 00:32:21,950 --> 00:32:19,049 Thanks we're going to take our next 762 00:32:24,590 --> 00:32:21,960 question from youtube it's simon drupal 763 00:32:26,389 --> 00:32:24,600 who asks do you sometimes see falling 764 00:32:29,119 --> 00:32:26,399 stars and the atmosphere from the space 765 00:32:31,220 --> 00:32:29,129 station or is it frequent or do you see 766 00:32:36,830 --> 00:32:31,230 stuff like satellites in orbit thank you 767 00:32:39,049 --> 00:32:36,840 from belgium there's a matter of fact 768 00:32:41,210 --> 00:32:39,059 shooting stars we do see there's one big 769 00:32:43,100 --> 00:32:41,220 difference there below us instead of 770 00:32:44,930 --> 00:32:43,110 above us so when we're looking down at 771 00:32:46,249 --> 00:32:44,940 the earth we can see a little shooting 772 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:46,259 star usually don't see much movement 773 00:32:51,049 --> 00:32:47,970 other than the Earth's slowly going by 774 00:32:52,999 --> 00:32:51,059 you and so when it really catches your 775 00:32:54,409 --> 00:32:53,009 eye when you see a shooting stars a lot 776 00:32:56,299 --> 00:32:54,419 of movement there in the atmosphere it's 777 00:33:00,139 --> 00:32:56,309 very beautiful we don't see other 778 00:33:03,259 --> 00:33:00,149 satellites typically because we're all 779 00:33:05,640 --> 00:33:03,269 going very fast 17,500 miles an hour and 780 00:33:08,130 --> 00:33:05,650 if one's in orbit near ours and dip 781 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:08,140 slightly different orbital plane we pass 782 00:33:11,790 --> 00:33:09,850 by each other very quickly I've heard 783 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:11,800 some astronauts have seen some go by but 784 00:33:16,230 --> 00:33:14,010 it's a very rare event great question 785 00:33:18,690 --> 00:33:16,240 right thank you why don't we take the 786 00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:18,700 next question on YouTube I'm destined 787 00:33:22,050 --> 00:33:20,650 from Huntsville Alabama this is Sammy in 788 00:33:23,910 --> 00:33:22,060 spotsy on the International Space 789 00:33:25,860 --> 00:33:23,920 Station if you're free-falling in one 790 00:33:28,380 --> 00:33:25,870 position without touching anything with 791 00:33:29,940 --> 00:33:28,390 no spin is it possible to wiggle in such 792 00:33:32,340 --> 00:33:29,950 a way that you're able to rotate to a 793 00:33:34,110 --> 00:33:32,350 different angular position and then stop 794 00:33:35,790 --> 00:33:34,120 on smarter every day we demonstrated 795 00:33:37,950 --> 00:33:35,800 this with a high-speed camera and a cat 796 00:33:39,690 --> 00:33:37,960 who is a non holonomic system and can do 797 00:33:41,070 --> 00:33:39,700 this by extending his legs arching his 798 00:33:43,380 --> 00:33:41,080 back and twisting in a very specific 799 00:33:45,650 --> 00:33:43,390 pattern so can humans do this on orbit 800 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:45,660 you want to say hey to the astronauts oh 801 00:33:54,090 --> 00:33:52,210 thank you we look up to you guys okay 802 00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:54,100 well that's a great question we don't 803 00:33:58,560 --> 00:33:56,290 have any cats on board but we have a 804 00:34:00,510 --> 00:33:58,570 medical doctor who maybe can try to 805 00:34:01,980 --> 00:34:00,520 demonstrate that yeah next best thing to 806 00:34:04,110 --> 00:34:01,990 a cat so he's gonna try to demonstrate 807 00:34:05,250 --> 00:34:04,120 for you yes indeed you can you can do 808 00:34:07,950 --> 00:34:05,260 this so he's going to get out here and 809 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:07,960 stop himself in an open space and he's 810 00:34:12,090 --> 00:34:08,890 going to show you how he can turn 811 00:34:13,500 --> 00:34:12,100 himself around so he he can't change his 812 00:34:15,210 --> 00:34:13,510 angular momentum but he can change his 813 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:15,220 body position and move himself to an 814 00:34:20,669 --> 00:34:18,010 orientation so I hope you believe that 815 00:34:22,590 --> 00:34:20,679 what you saw happened with the cat isn't 816 00:34:26,790 --> 00:34:22,600 a mystery and that it can happen in 817 00:34:28,050 --> 00:34:26,800 space too great question thnx here's 818 00:34:30,810 --> 00:34:28,060 kind of timely question from Facebook 819 00:34:32,490 --> 00:34:30,820 ian beckon asks what was the first 820 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:32,500 emotional reaction of the crew when they 821 00:34:35,909 --> 00:34:34,450 realized a few days ago that the s-band 822 00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:35,919 calm was lost and they weren't able to 823 00:34:38,940 --> 00:34:37,330 talk to the ground anymore or just over 824 00:34:40,649 --> 00:34:38,950 Russian ground sites are there any 825 00:34:42,570 --> 00:34:40,659 procedures to keep calm those situations 826 00:34:48,810 --> 00:34:42,580 or does training experience kick into 827 00:34:53,010 --> 00:34:51,300 trained individually as astronauts for 828 00:34:55,140 --> 00:34:53,020 many many years and we've trained 829 00:34:58,320 --> 00:34:55,150 together as a crew for several years as 830 00:35:01,440 --> 00:34:58,330 well so really we're ready for all sorts 831 00:35:03,690 --> 00:35:01,450 of things to happen what happened just a 832 00:35:05,340 --> 00:35:03,700 couple days ago was really not not that 833 00:35:08,340 --> 00:35:05,350 big a deal we lost communications with 834 00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:08,350 the ground but the space station is a 835 00:35:14,370 --> 00:35:12,490 robust tough spaceship and it kept just 836 00:35:16,800 --> 00:35:14,380 going around the world and all of its 837 00:35:19,350 --> 00:35:16,810 systems running just fine we work 838 00:35:21,510 --> 00:35:19,360 together as a crew following the 839 00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:21,520 procedures like we trained to do it was 840 00:35:26,370 --> 00:35:24,130 actually pretty nice I was sitting there 841 00:35:27,990 --> 00:35:26,380 typing on the main interface tom was 842 00:35:30,180 --> 00:35:28,000 running the procedures with me and Kevin 843 00:35:31,620 --> 00:35:30,190 as the commander was stand back watching 844 00:35:33,210 --> 00:35:31,630 how the whole thing was flowing and 845 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:33,220 making sure that we were headed down the 846 00:35:38,190 --> 00:35:36,010 right path the people on the ground were 847 00:35:39,900 --> 00:35:38,200 scrambling and working hard and it 848 00:35:42,090 --> 00:35:39,910 wasn't until we came around the world 849 00:35:43,950 --> 00:35:42,100 and up and over top of Russia where we 850 00:35:46,380 --> 00:35:43,960 can talk directly from an antenna on the 851 00:35:48,510 --> 00:35:46,390 ground to our antennas on board that 852 00:35:50,070 --> 00:35:48,520 then we could compare notes see where we 853 00:35:51,780 --> 00:35:50,080 were and eventually we had everything 854 00:35:53,670 --> 00:35:51,790 together and after just a couple orbits 855 00:35:55,560 --> 00:35:53,680 we got the computers talking to the 856 00:35:58,020 --> 00:35:55,570 antennas properly so we could talk to 857 00:36:01,620 --> 00:35:58,030 the ground so it wasn't any sort of 858 00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:01,630 panic or anything it was just us dealing 859 00:36:04,650 --> 00:36:03,130 with a problem on the ground and our 860 00:36:06,780 --> 00:36:04,660 crew dealing with a problem on board 861 00:36:08,850 --> 00:36:06,790 working like we've been trained working 862 00:36:11,310 --> 00:36:08,860 together as a team with a successful 863 00:36:14,850 --> 00:36:11,320 result it was things that happen in 864 00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:14,860 space thank you why don't we take our 865 00:36:19,740 --> 00:36:17,890 next question on YouTube hi my name's 866 00:36:21,960 --> 00:36:19,750 Neil bramson I'm a teacher at New South 867 00:36:23,610 --> 00:36:21,970 Wales Australia my students have been 868 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:23,620 following the expedition 34 crew 869 00:36:29,520 --> 00:36:26,770 progress on Twitter Facebook and Google+ 870 00:36:31,380 --> 00:36:29,530 now my question relates to social media 871 00:36:32,640 --> 00:36:31,390 how do you feel as astronauts now that 872 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:32,650 your communication methods have changed 873 00:36:37,530 --> 00:36:34,450 through the use of the likes of Twitter 874 00:36:39,090 --> 00:36:37,540 and Facebook and the impact that you now 875 00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:39,100 have on the global public in terms of 876 00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:41,770 space and space education secondly how 877 00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:43,210 do you feel the social media stars 878 00:36:55,650 --> 00:36:52,770 uh I don't think anybody tries to use 879 00:36:58,140 --> 00:36:55,660 technology to push back the edge of the 880 00:36:59,670 --> 00:36:58,150 human experience more than we do I mean 881 00:37:02,520 --> 00:36:59,680 look where we live and what we're doing 882 00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:02,530 how we're making this happen and so we 883 00:37:07,980 --> 00:37:04,510 constantly try and take something simple 884 00:37:11,220 --> 00:37:07,990 but then apply it in a new way and allow 885 00:37:13,890 --> 00:37:11,230 it to improve our understanding really 886 00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:13,900 as a species and we are for the first 887 00:37:18,510 --> 00:37:15,970 time in history with this space station 888 00:37:21,450 --> 00:37:18,520 as a planet as a species we're leaving 889 00:37:23,790 --> 00:37:21,460 Earth and it is just it's too good an 890 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:23,800 experience not to share and with 891 00:37:28,589 --> 00:37:26,050 technology that we have now with the 892 00:37:30,810 --> 00:37:28,599 communications capability that NASA and 893 00:37:33,810 --> 00:37:30,820 others have put on board here we can 894 00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:33,820 real-time communicate as people with 895 00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:35,710 with pretty much everybody on earth who 896 00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:38,170 has who has a computer an iphone or 897 00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:40,660 something and so with Twitter which is a 898 00:37:44,730 --> 00:37:42,970 really handy way to do that we can take 899 00:37:46,620 --> 00:37:44,740 a picture have a thought here on board 900 00:37:48,870 --> 00:37:46,630 and just in a matter of a few minutes 901 00:37:51,180 --> 00:37:48,880 get it down to the ground and spread 902 00:37:53,250 --> 00:37:51,190 around the world that's wonderful for 903 00:37:55,190 --> 00:37:53,260 viewing things like the big tropical 904 00:37:58,620 --> 00:37:55,200 cyclone that's off Madagascar right now 905 00:38:00,540 --> 00:37:58,630 it's a great way to communicate the 906 00:38:02,370 --> 00:38:00,550 transit emotions and the thoughts that 907 00:38:04,050 --> 00:38:02,380 that go through us as we are 908 00:38:06,750 --> 00:38:04,060 experiencing this really on behalf of 909 00:38:09,900 --> 00:38:06,760 everybody and as far as being a media 910 00:38:12,809 --> 00:38:09,910 star I mean this is just a really rare 911 00:38:14,819 --> 00:38:12,819 human experience and we've worked hard 912 00:38:17,250 --> 00:38:14,829 to get here but at the same time we know 913 00:38:19,260 --> 00:38:17,260 just how lucky we are to be here and I 914 00:38:22,020 --> 00:38:19,270 think it's important to try and share it 915 00:38:23,910 --> 00:38:22,030 with as many people as possible but 916 00:38:25,650 --> 00:38:23,920 something else to remember everybody 917 00:38:27,510 --> 00:38:25,660 around the world if you just choose the 918 00:38:29,940 --> 00:38:27,520 right time of day you can look up and 919 00:38:31,740 --> 00:38:29,950 watch this star go over as well and 920 00:38:35,430 --> 00:38:31,750 that's a pretty nice touch back and 921 00:38:37,530 --> 00:38:35,440 forth also thanks I'll take another one 922 00:38:38,790 --> 00:38:37,540 from social media I'm not sure if you 923 00:38:40,260 --> 00:38:38,800 guys have thought about this or not but 924 00:38:42,630 --> 00:38:40,270 it's something i don't think i've heard 925 00:38:44,730 --> 00:38:42,640 asked before it's on twitter at nozzle 926 00:38:45,930 --> 00:38:44,740 bar ass which scientists of the past 927 00:38:54,860 --> 00:38:45,940 would you like to take into space like 928 00:39:00,540 --> 00:38:57,720 why for me it just popped right into my 929 00:39:02,460 --> 00:39:00,550 head Isaac Newton because we see what he 930 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:02,470 could only imagine we see it every day 931 00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:05,530 and everything we do large objects that 932 00:39:08,820 --> 00:39:07,330 we can move with a push of a finger 933 00:39:10,740 --> 00:39:08,830 although we takes a little bit of time 934 00:39:13,080 --> 00:39:10,750 to get them going small objects that 935 00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:13,090 bounce around very quickly the angular 936 00:39:17,130 --> 00:39:15,130 momentum demonstration you just saw all 937 00:39:18,930 --> 00:39:17,140 of these things it's really hard to 938 00:39:21,810 --> 00:39:18,940 believe that he was able to imagine 939 00:39:26,580 --> 00:39:21,820 these things and I would love for him to 940 00:39:29,700 --> 00:39:26,590 be able to see it great when we taking 941 00:39:31,050 --> 00:39:29,710 the question on YouTube hi my name is 942 00:39:33,150 --> 00:39:31,060 Jennifer gates and I'm a high school 943 00:39:35,100 --> 00:39:33,160 science teacher in the Midwest of the 944 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:35,110 United States mostly teaching chemistry 945 00:39:38,970 --> 00:39:37,450 and physics and my question for you is 946 00:39:40,950 --> 00:39:38,980 what's the most important thing that 947 00:39:43,290 --> 00:39:40,960 they should be learning and focusing on 948 00:39:46,140 --> 00:39:43,300 understanding at this time in terms of 949 00:39:47,220 --> 00:39:46,150 perhaps working in science later or what 950 00:39:48,600 --> 00:39:47,230 do you feel like the most important 951 00:39:50,220 --> 00:39:48,610 thing was that you took from your high 952 00:39:57,900 --> 00:39:50,230 school science courses to help you get 953 00:40:00,630 --> 00:39:57,910 where you are today thank you well well 954 00:40:02,420 --> 00:40:00,640 that's a great question I wish I could 955 00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:02,430 have taken everything in high school 956 00:40:07,770 --> 00:40:05,440 twice actually because there's so much 957 00:40:10,170 --> 00:40:07,780 information there for students at that 958 00:40:12,300 --> 00:40:10,180 time and and I know that's really really 959 00:40:14,520 --> 00:40:12,310 tough time in their lives and everything 960 00:40:16,350 --> 00:40:14,530 and there is it is almost overwhelming 961 00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:16,360 all the subjects that are offered to you 962 00:40:20,550 --> 00:40:17,650 and the choices that are offered to you 963 00:40:22,580 --> 00:40:20,560 at that time I I'll of math and I love 964 00:40:25,230 --> 00:40:22,590 physics and I happen to have a very 965 00:40:27,060 --> 00:40:25,240 enthusiastic physics teacher who just 966 00:40:29,910 --> 00:40:27,070 made me I just couldn't wait to go to 967 00:40:33,240 --> 00:40:29,920 class every day and we talked about 968 00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:33,250 things like you know Newton's laws and 969 00:40:37,080 --> 00:40:35,290 that sort of thing and and like Tom just 970 00:40:39,720 --> 00:40:37,090 mentioned we get to see up see them up 971 00:40:41,670 --> 00:40:39,730 here in action and in their advanced 972 00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:41,680 phases and stages as well like in 973 00:40:44,910 --> 00:40:43,150 orbital mechanics and those sorts of 974 00:40:47,430 --> 00:40:44,920 things so though that's the one that 975 00:40:49,500 --> 00:40:47,440 really piqued my interest but we we have 976 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:49,510 a life support system when bored that's 977 00:40:53,910 --> 00:40:52,000 very chemistry intensive and we we talk 978 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:53,920 chemistry almost every day we use a 979 00:40:58,140 --> 00:40:56,410 mathematics every day it's very 980 00:41:00,690 --> 00:40:58,150 important in Mission Control to for the 981 00:41:02,610 --> 00:41:00,700 people who support us trajectories to 982 00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:02,620 get up i'm going back to earth in about 983 00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:04,330 three weeks and there are some brilliant 984 00:41:08,670 --> 00:41:06,730 mathematicians working on putting me in 985 00:41:10,799 --> 00:41:08,680 a very small spot in kazakhstan 986 00:41:12,270 --> 00:41:10,809 on so there are people working waiting 987 00:41:14,280 --> 00:41:12,280 there for me and they're doing calculus 988 00:41:15,660 --> 00:41:14,290 and they're running it backwards so they 989 00:41:17,280 --> 00:41:15,670 can integrate all the way back to the 990 00:41:19,620 --> 00:41:17,290 ground and get me to the right place on 991 00:41:23,099 --> 00:41:19,630 the ground so it's a lot of complicated 992 00:41:25,799 --> 00:41:23,109 science to make this all work there's a 993 00:41:27,270 --> 00:41:25,809 medical you can see chris's got a 994 00:41:29,099 --> 00:41:27,280 special thing on his head today the 995 00:41:31,319 --> 00:41:29,109 medical science is very important as to 996 00:41:33,299 --> 00:41:31,329 what we're doing space station and no 997 00:41:36,450 --> 00:41:33,309 matter what you like what your field is 998 00:41:39,329 --> 00:41:36,460 you can find an area and in that that 999 00:41:41,309 --> 00:41:39,339 applies to spaceflight for sure so just 1000 00:41:42,900 --> 00:41:41,319 take all of them you can and learn as 1001 00:41:44,220 --> 00:41:42,910 much as you can about all of them you'll 1002 00:41:45,510 --> 00:41:44,230 probably need them all that you're going 1003 00:41:48,030 --> 00:41:45,520 to end up in the space business and you 1004 00:41:50,700 --> 00:41:48,040 might need them all in almost any any 1005 00:41:55,440 --> 00:41:50,710 business you end up in so take advantage 1006 00:41:58,710 --> 00:41:55,450 of it why don't we thinking the question 1007 00:42:00,780 --> 00:41:58,720 on YouTube my name is Fraser Cain and i 1008 00:42:02,460 --> 00:42:00,790 live on vancouver island canada and my 1009 00:42:03,870 --> 00:42:02,470 question that is for Chris Hadfield has 1010 00:42:06,270 --> 00:42:03,880 been delivering all these beautiful 1011 00:42:08,220 --> 00:42:06,280 photographs from space and my question 1012 00:42:10,380 --> 00:42:08,230 is how does being on the International 1013 00:42:13,410 --> 00:42:10,390 Space Station change your photography 1014 00:42:15,569 --> 00:42:13,420 technique with the microgravity the very 1015 00:42:17,099 --> 00:42:15,579 harsh exposures they're very distant 1016 00:42:18,750 --> 00:42:17,109 objects that you're trying to focus on 1017 00:42:25,559 --> 00:42:18,760 in perhaps the low light conditions 1018 00:42:26,730 --> 00:42:25,569 thank you very much hey thanks Fraser 1019 00:42:28,140 --> 00:42:26,740 and I used to live on vancouver island 1020 00:42:31,140 --> 00:42:28,150 as well it's a beautiful part of the 1021 00:42:33,900 --> 00:42:31,150 world nice part of Canada taking 1022 00:42:37,260 --> 00:42:33,910 pictures up here especially outside is 1023 00:42:38,819 --> 00:42:37,270 quite complex at first we fortunately we 1024 00:42:40,349 --> 00:42:38,829 have really good instructors down on are 1025 00:42:43,549 --> 00:42:40,359 some really good trainers who taught us 1026 00:42:47,039 --> 00:42:43,559 prepared us gave us a lot of good tricks 1027 00:42:49,710 --> 00:42:47,049 the the weird part about it is space is 1028 00:42:53,579 --> 00:42:49,720 so incredibly black so incredibly dark 1029 00:42:56,520 --> 00:42:53,589 it's a bottomless pit of deep black 1030 00:42:58,260 --> 00:42:56,530 almost so deep it almost as a texture 1031 00:42:59,849 --> 00:42:58,270 when you look at it and and when you 1032 00:43:01,859 --> 00:42:59,859 have that in part of your picture and 1033 00:43:04,260 --> 00:43:01,869 then the world reflecting the sunlight 1034 00:43:07,230 --> 00:43:04,270 especially the tops of clouds somewhere 1035 00:43:08,789 --> 00:43:07,240 else it's very difficult at least four 1036 00:43:10,770 --> 00:43:08,799 people aren't professional photographers 1037 00:43:13,079 --> 00:43:10,780 to try and balance that and get a 1038 00:43:15,420 --> 00:43:13,089 picture that that looks good both ways 1039 00:43:17,099 --> 00:43:15,430 and the advantage of being in space 1040 00:43:19,170 --> 00:43:17,109 though of course we have cameras with 1041 00:43:21,510 --> 00:43:19,180 fairly typical lenses on them but we can 1042 00:43:22,380 --> 00:43:21,520 get right out to 400 or 800 millimeter 1043 00:43:24,390 --> 00:43:22,390 lenses 1044 00:43:26,370 --> 00:43:24,400 and they're weightless we don't need a 1045 00:43:28,200 --> 00:43:26,380 tripod so every photographer in the 1046 00:43:30,569 --> 00:43:28,210 world would love to have that much glass 1047 00:43:31,740 --> 00:43:30,579 out in front of their eyes and it's not 1048 00:43:35,009 --> 00:43:31,750 have to hold it up or not have to 1049 00:43:37,289 --> 00:43:35,019 balance it that the best part is even 1050 00:43:39,480 --> 00:43:37,299 though we're not photographers bye-bye 1051 00:43:40,920 --> 00:43:39,490 trade of course we have some really good 1052 00:43:43,950 --> 00:43:40,930 professional photographers who trained 1053 00:43:45,720 --> 00:43:43,960 us and we have a vantage point up here 1054 00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:45,730 perspective that is absolutely 1055 00:43:51,329 --> 00:43:47,410 unparalleled so we do our best to take 1056 00:43:53,009 --> 00:43:51,339 pictures of it Thanks yeah I'm not sure 1057 00:43:55,230 --> 00:43:53,019 there's a bad shot of Earth from space 1058 00:43:57,450 --> 00:43:55,240 station the next question from social 1059 00:44:00,000 --> 00:43:57,460 media is on google+ it's from hip eNOS 1060 00:44:01,859 --> 00:44:00,010 wins and the question is astronaut 1061 00:44:04,079 --> 00:44:01,869 Marshburn forward Hadfield good morning 1062 00:44:13,049 --> 00:44:04,089 and what is that on Chris Hadfield 1063 00:44:14,970 --> 00:44:13,059 forehead well what he has on his 1064 00:44:17,940 --> 00:44:14,980 forehead is actually a temperature probe 1065 00:44:20,069 --> 00:44:17,950 so it said two things being investigated 1066 00:44:21,809 --> 00:44:20,079 here number one is the technology it's 1067 00:44:23,670 --> 00:44:21,819 really nice to be able to merit measure 1068 00:44:26,759 --> 00:44:23,680 body core temperature without having to 1069 00:44:28,349 --> 00:44:26,769 get too invasive and so what that's 1070 00:44:29,670 --> 00:44:28,359 doing is he's got another one on his 1071 00:44:31,200 --> 00:44:29,680 chest this measuring his core 1072 00:44:33,480 --> 00:44:31,210 temperature the reason why they're doing 1073 00:44:34,980 --> 00:44:33,490 that is your body temperature the core 1074 00:44:36,839 --> 00:44:34,990 temperature is a good indicator of how 1075 00:44:40,079 --> 00:44:36,849 your body cycle is moving your circadian 1076 00:44:43,349 --> 00:44:40,089 rhythm we don't have sun sunrises and 1077 00:44:44,999 --> 00:44:43,359 sunsets coming through the window like 1078 00:44:47,009 --> 00:44:45,009 you do on earth we have 16 a day 1079 00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:47,019 actually it's or can really mess up your 1080 00:44:52,589 --> 00:44:48,970 circadian rhythm so they're learning a 1081 00:44:55,529 --> 00:44:52,599 lot about how our body functions through 1082 00:44:57,450 --> 00:44:55,539 this kind of time cycle that's very 1083 00:44:59,430 --> 00:44:57,460 strange and it has a lot of implications 1084 00:45:01,650 --> 00:44:59,440 for people that do night shifts and that 1085 00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:01,660 work extremely long hours and four 1086 00:45:05,700 --> 00:45:03,250 astronauts limiting and living in space 1087 00:45:09,900 --> 00:45:05,710 how we can improve work efficiency and 1088 00:45:13,750 --> 00:45:09,910 improve rest as well great let's take 1089 00:45:19,420 --> 00:45:16,120 my name is Mira Richmond i live in 1090 00:45:22,210 --> 00:45:19,430 bolivar library i am in second grade and 1091 00:45:24,490 --> 00:45:22,220 i am eight the other night at desk I saw 1092 00:45:26,430 --> 00:45:24,500 you guys fly over my house how long do 1093 00:45:29,550 --> 00:45:26,440 you buy stay after in the space station 1094 00:45:32,050 --> 00:45:29,560 how who has the record for the longest 1095 00:45:40,240 --> 00:45:32,060 for staying up there the longest thank 1096 00:45:42,400 --> 00:45:40,250 you oh no well I'm glad you could see us 1097 00:45:45,490 --> 00:45:42,410 hopefully one of us was waving back at 1098 00:45:47,230 --> 00:45:45,500 you we can stay up here about six months 1099 00:45:48,760 --> 00:45:47,240 and that's actually a limitation of our 1100 00:45:51,160 --> 00:45:48,770 spaceship that gets us here and brings 1101 00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:51,170 us back home again it's certified to be 1102 00:45:55,390 --> 00:45:52,610 up here in space for about six months 1103 00:45:57,970 --> 00:45:55,400 humans can stay up longer the longest is 1104 00:46:00,280 --> 00:45:57,980 a doctor Polyakov he's a cosmonaut he 1105 00:46:02,950 --> 00:46:00,290 lived on the MIR Space Station for 14 1106 00:46:05,110 --> 00:46:02,960 months actually so and we're going to 1107 00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:05,120 have a few astronauts and a cosmonaut 1108 00:46:11,440 --> 00:46:08,450 living up here for up to a year here in 1109 00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:11,450 the next couple of years or so so right 1110 00:46:14,860 --> 00:46:12,770 now as far as we can tell there's no 1111 00:46:18,310 --> 00:46:14,870 limit how long humans can stay up here 1112 00:46:19,840 --> 00:46:18,320 as long as we have the machines here to 1113 00:46:22,030 --> 00:46:19,850 keep our bones and our muscles strong 1114 00:46:24,610 --> 00:46:22,040 and have enough food water and such and 1115 00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:24,620 a lot of great work to do such as we're 1116 00:46:27,970 --> 00:46:26,450 doing here right now and of course the 1117 00:46:32,590 --> 00:46:27,980 view of the earth helps to stay up here 1118 00:46:34,120 --> 00:46:32,600 a lot as well great what's going to the 1119 00:46:35,920 --> 00:46:34,130 question from a social media this is 1120 00:46:37,690 --> 00:46:35,930 from facebook Sheila a ver Bush asks 1121 00:46:39,400 --> 00:46:37,700 what was the most influential book you 1122 00:46:48,040 --> 00:46:39,410 read that helped you helped inspire you 1123 00:46:50,530 --> 00:46:48,050 to go to space well I actually was 1124 00:46:52,120 --> 00:46:50,540 inspired to pursue becoming an astronaut 1125 00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:52,130 because of a book I read when I was 1126 00:46:57,160 --> 00:46:55,250 about 13 or 14 years old by an astronaut 1127 00:47:00,430 --> 00:46:57,170 named michael collins who is part of the 1128 00:47:02,770 --> 00:47:00,440 apollo 11 crew and it was called 1129 00:47:06,340 --> 00:47:02,780 carrying the fire and it was a fantastic 1130 00:47:09,340 --> 00:47:06,350 account of his early life as a pilot and 1131 00:47:12,580 --> 00:47:09,350 test pilot and i just really fell in 1132 00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:12,590 love with with that profession because 1133 00:47:17,380 --> 00:47:15,200 of that book and of course what he did 1134 00:47:19,060 --> 00:47:17,390 was one of the most magical things 1135 00:47:20,890 --> 00:47:19,070 that's happened in the course of human 1136 00:47:23,470 --> 00:47:20,900 history as far as I'm concerned with the 1137 00:47:25,570 --> 00:47:23,480 trippy took to the moon with Neil 1138 00:47:27,610 --> 00:47:25,580 Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin so that's what 1139 00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:27,620 inspired me that particular book 1140 00:47:31,420 --> 00:47:29,210 after that I read lots and lots more 1141 00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:31,430 that just inspired me further but that 1142 00:47:36,100 --> 00:47:34,090 was really the one that set it all off 1143 00:47:37,300 --> 00:47:36,110 great answer when we take another 1144 00:47:38,830 --> 00:47:37,310 question from YouTube we have a couple 1145 00:47:42,850 --> 00:47:38,840 more minutes before this portion of 1146 00:47:45,190 --> 00:47:42,860 event concludes hello of the 1147 00:47:47,530 --> 00:47:45,200 International Space Station my name is 1148 00:47:49,390 --> 00:47:47,540 Karina Morales and I'm a student of the 1149 00:47:52,450 --> 00:47:49,400 Neo after institute in Monterrey Mexico 1150 00:47:55,060 --> 00:47:52,460 on behalf of my classmate we will have 1151 00:47:57,310 --> 00:47:55,070 to ask you this all in question how are 1152 00:47:59,830 --> 00:47:57,320 you prepared to face medical emergencies 1153 00:48:02,020 --> 00:47:59,840 in the space station how do you treat 1154 00:48:04,630 --> 00:48:02,030 regular thickness and what do you do in 1155 00:48:13,870 --> 00:48:04,640 case you need surgical attention thank 1156 00:48:15,520 --> 00:48:13,880 you very much so we can actually handle 1157 00:48:17,290 --> 00:48:15,530 some pretty big emergencies up here 1158 00:48:19,720 --> 00:48:17,300 medical emergencies first of all we 1159 00:48:22,210 --> 00:48:19,730 always have to crew medical officers on 1160 00:48:24,460 --> 00:48:22,220 board it could have any background but 1161 00:48:26,470 --> 00:48:24,470 they're trained to apply first aid or 1162 00:48:28,660 --> 00:48:26,480 take care of emergencies that can keep 1163 00:48:30,730 --> 00:48:28,670 somebody alive for up to 24 hours I 1164 00:48:32,440 --> 00:48:30,740 happen to be a doctor but there's no 1165 00:48:34,630 --> 00:48:32,450 requirement to have a doctor up here all 1166 00:48:36,520 --> 00:48:34,640 the time but right under our feet here 1167 00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:36,530 are some medical kits and they are 1168 00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:38,510 packed full of everything you need from 1169 00:48:45,310 --> 00:48:41,570 stay and aspirin to an IV if you got 1170 00:48:47,110 --> 00:48:45,320 really sick the big answer though is if 1171 00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:47,120 we ran into a big problem and that's a 1172 00:48:50,380 --> 00:48:48,890 defibrillator we hope you never have to 1173 00:48:52,450 --> 00:48:50,390 actually use that but we know how to use 1174 00:48:54,850 --> 00:48:52,460 it that's the emergency kick the the big 1175 00:48:57,550 --> 00:48:54,860 red get the big answer though is our 1176 00:48:59,230 --> 00:48:57,560 Soyuz is our ambulance and we would hop 1177 00:49:01,110 --> 00:48:59,240 in the soy use and bring somebody home 1178 00:49:04,150 --> 00:49:01,120 if we thought that they were going to be 1179 00:49:07,150 --> 00:49:04,160 have a real big problem or even die from 1180 00:49:08,800 --> 00:49:07,160 a medical problem up here not to mention 1181 00:49:10,510 --> 00:49:08,810 all the doctors on the ground who have 1182 00:49:12,160 --> 00:49:10,520 not only been preparing us for preparing 1183 00:49:14,050 --> 00:49:12,170 this equipment and the procedures and 1184 00:49:15,580 --> 00:49:14,060 the techniques but also would be given 1185 00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:15,590 us advice real time if something 1186 00:49:19,240 --> 00:49:17,810 happened space motion sickness is really 1187 00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:19,250 common the about three out of five 1188 00:49:22,360 --> 00:49:20,810 astronauts get it we've got some 1189 00:49:25,050 --> 00:49:22,370 medicines to take care of that so it's 1190 00:49:27,880 --> 00:49:25,060 really not much of an impact anymore 1191 00:49:29,230 --> 00:49:27,890 thank you that concludes our portion we 1192 00:49:30,880 --> 00:49:29,240 really appreciate you guys from joining 1193 00:49:32,560 --> 00:49:30,890 us on your National Space Station please 1194 00:49:33,820 --> 00:49:32,570 visits please stay with us for more 1195 00:49:41,260 --> 00:49:33,830 questions from astronauts here on the 1196 00:49:48,380 --> 00:49:44,180 station this is Houston ACR thank you 1197 00:49:51,020 --> 00:49:48,390 that concludes the event Thank You 1198 00:49:54,349 --> 00:49:51,030 Google+ Hangout participants and NASA 1199 00:49:56,299 --> 00:49:54,359 social media guests next question were 1200 00:49:58,640 --> 00:49:56,309 and a half for Ron and Nicole is from 1201 00:49:59,930 --> 00:49:58,650 google plus it's a lauren ward she asked 1202 00:50:01,609 --> 00:49:59,940 when you guys were on Space Station how 1203 00:50:06,680 --> 00:50:01,619 long did you guys talk how often do you 1204 00:50:10,160 --> 00:50:06,690 talk to your families um I talked every 1205 00:50:12,680 --> 00:50:10,170 day to my family on the we have an IP 1206 00:50:14,660 --> 00:50:12,690 phone up there internet phone that we 1207 00:50:16,609 --> 00:50:14,670 can use as long as we have the right 1208 00:50:19,520 --> 00:50:16,619 communications coverage which is pretty 1209 00:50:21,410 --> 00:50:19,530 much most of the day but then once a 1210 00:50:23,420 --> 00:50:21,420 week we would have video conferencing as 1211 00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:23,430 well so it was really nice to be able to 1212 00:50:31,010 --> 00:50:28,410 stay in touch great and I did the same 1213 00:50:34,339 --> 00:50:31,020 thing it was it was great the in fact I 1214 00:50:35,690 --> 00:50:34,349 think we feel pretty I don't have 1215 00:50:37,910 --> 00:50:35,700 privileges the word but certainly 1216 00:50:41,089 --> 00:50:37,920 thankful that we have the kind of 1217 00:50:45,230 --> 00:50:41,099 communication that we do now and we I 1218 00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:45,240 think on arm just in general you know we 1219 00:50:48,829 --> 00:50:47,010 have a lot better communication I think 1220 00:50:51,200 --> 00:50:48,839 with our families from a space station 1221 00:50:52,910 --> 00:50:51,210 down to earth and most of the people 1222 00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:52,920 that are on military deployments around 1223 00:50:57,950 --> 00:50:56,490 the world so it's not so bad what one 1224 00:50:59,690 --> 00:50:57,960 thing that I have learned about that too 1225 00:51:00,920 --> 00:50:59,700 is if you're going to call somebody from 1226 00:51:02,359 --> 00:51:00,930 space you need to let them know that 1227 00:51:05,120 --> 00:51:02,369 that's a possibility before you do that 1228 00:51:06,349 --> 00:51:05,130 because there's twosome really surprised 1229 00:51:09,380 --> 00:51:06,359 people that have answered the phone 1230 00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:09,390 gotten phone calls from space and didn't 1231 00:51:15,980 --> 00:51:11,010 believe that they were actually doing it 1232 00:51:19,940 --> 00:51:15,990 I can imagine let's take a question from 1233 00:51:23,450 --> 00:51:19,950 YouTube hi this is francesca from 1234 00:51:25,130 --> 00:51:23,460 chillen South America there is a common 1235 00:51:28,010 --> 00:51:25,140 belief that you can see the Great Wall 1236 00:51:29,930 --> 00:51:28,020 of China from outer space I did a little 1237 00:51:32,839 --> 00:51:29,940 research and I realized that's not true 1238 00:51:36,410 --> 00:51:32,849 so my question is if you can really see 1239 00:51:42,170 --> 00:51:36,420 any human make instruction from the 1240 00:51:43,609 --> 00:51:42,180 space station thank you well I think I'm 1241 00:51:45,140 --> 00:51:43,619 gonna let Ron talk about something he 1242 00:51:46,519 --> 00:51:45,150 saw well while he was up there too 1243 00:51:48,109 --> 00:51:46,529 because that was pretty cool and he got 1244 00:51:50,599 --> 00:51:48,119 a great picture of it and I think you 1245 00:51:52,280 --> 00:51:50,609 could see it from on orbit as well but I 1246 00:51:55,490 --> 00:51:52,290 think most of what 1247 00:51:57,350 --> 00:51:55,500 I you know kind of man made things that 1248 00:51:59,450 --> 00:51:57,360 you see from space just with the naked 1249 00:52:03,230 --> 00:51:59,460 eye without using a 400 or an 800 1250 00:52:04,820 --> 00:52:03,240 millimeter lens on your camera is kind 1251 00:52:07,730 --> 00:52:04,830 of impacts we've had on the earth where 1252 00:52:10,490 --> 00:52:07,740 where land has been cleared or farming 1253 00:52:11,870 --> 00:52:10,500 has been done or maybe there are 1254 00:52:14,090 --> 00:52:11,880 different things going on with the lakes 1255 00:52:16,760 --> 00:52:14,100 you know salt lakes you can see very 1256 00:52:19,790 --> 00:52:16,770 very clearly and that kind of thing but 1257 00:52:22,070 --> 00:52:19,800 as far as the Great Wall of China goes I 1258 00:52:24,560 --> 00:52:22,080 was not able to see that everybody tries 1259 00:52:26,450 --> 00:52:24,570 to look for it because of the this idea 1260 00:52:31,430 --> 00:52:26,460 out there but you can get really great 1261 00:52:48,100 --> 00:52:31,440 pictures with a camera thanks let's take 1262 00:52:55,100 --> 00:52:51,380 so how does this solar solar storms if I 1263 00:52:57,140 --> 00:52:55,110 communication on the space station so 1264 00:52:59,990 --> 00:52:57,150 that is a big concern and it's something 1265 00:53:01,490 --> 00:53:00,000 that we watch really closely not only 1266 00:53:03,230 --> 00:53:01,500 for the effect that it could have on 1267 00:53:06,800 --> 00:53:03,240 communications but on the radiation on 1268 00:53:08,150 --> 00:53:06,810 the crew um and so if we think there's 1269 00:53:10,160 --> 00:53:08,160 going to be a big event we might take 1270 00:53:14,090 --> 00:53:10,170 some precautions on the space station oh 1271 00:53:16,390 --> 00:53:14,100 and it is a concern for communications 1272 00:53:19,040 --> 00:53:16,400 as well I don't think we've had any 1273 00:53:20,660 --> 00:53:19,050 significant outages because of that but 1274 00:53:23,030 --> 00:53:20,670 it's always a possibility and always 1275 00:53:25,430 --> 00:53:23,040 something that we're looking at and if I 1276 00:53:26,720 --> 00:53:25,440 could just go back to Nicole the 1277 00:53:30,710 --> 00:53:26,730 question that Nicole acted before 1278 00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:30,720 because what she was alluding to is you 1279 00:53:34,520 --> 00:53:32,490 know can you see man-made structures 1280 00:53:36,410 --> 00:53:34,530 from space and the answers is definitely 1281 00:53:38,360 --> 00:53:36,420 yes and I was always one of these 1282 00:53:40,250 --> 00:53:38,370 astronauts that says you couldn't you 1283 00:53:42,110 --> 00:53:40,260 can't see any borders from space but 1284 00:53:44,450 --> 00:53:42,120 that's not true because actually I saw 1285 00:53:46,490 --> 00:53:44,460 the man-made illuminated border between 1286 00:53:47,930 --> 00:53:46,500 India and Pakistan when I was up there 1287 00:53:50,690 --> 00:53:47,940 and it was really had a profound effect 1288 00:53:54,140 --> 00:53:50,700 on me seeing that from space and seeing 1289 00:53:56,240 --> 00:53:54,150 that that that you know man-made change 1290 00:54:00,320 --> 00:53:56,250 to the landscape and as as Nicole said 1291 00:54:02,210 --> 00:54:00,330 you know cutting a forest and human 1292 00:54:05,000 --> 00:54:02,220 impact basically is extremely obvious 1293 00:54:06,200 --> 00:54:05,010 from space and it shows up very very 1294 00:54:08,660 --> 00:54:06,210 distinctly of 1295 00:54:11,300 --> 00:54:08,670 throughout the whole world and so it's a 1296 00:54:12,829 --> 00:54:11,310 something that gives you the gives you 1297 00:54:14,930 --> 00:54:12,839 really the impression and really the 1298 00:54:16,880 --> 00:54:14,940 understanding that we're all 1299 00:54:18,020 --> 00:54:16,890 interconnected and what happens on one 1300 00:54:20,900 --> 00:54:18,030 side of the planet affects the other 1301 00:54:24,560 --> 00:54:20,910 side of the planet it's really kind of 1302 00:54:26,089 --> 00:54:24,570 sobering to see that from space right we 1303 00:54:27,349 --> 00:54:26,099 have about five more minutes left i'll 1304 00:54:30,770 --> 00:54:27,359 try to get a few more questions and 1305 00:54:32,720 --> 00:54:30,780 let's do another one from youtube hi 1306 00:54:34,310 --> 00:54:32,730 this is chris from Pittsburgh my 1307 00:54:35,810 --> 00:54:34,320 question is in regards to the 1308 00:54:37,490 --> 00:54:35,820 construction of future space stations 1309 00:54:39,530 --> 00:54:37,500 how do you feel that the ISS could be 1310 00:54:47,599 --> 00:54:39,540 improved to maximize the scientific 1311 00:54:49,609 --> 00:54:47,609 output thanks I'll try on an anime be on 1312 00:54:51,290 --> 00:54:49,619 a small scale because i think the you 1313 00:54:53,930 --> 00:54:51,300 know the International Space Station is 1314 00:54:56,660 --> 00:54:53,940 a pretty impressive facility the way it 1315 00:54:59,450 --> 00:54:56,670 is not only from the structure itself 1316 00:55:00,380 --> 00:54:59,460 but that kind of the relationships in 1317 00:55:03,109 --> 00:55:00,390 the building we've done between 1318 00:55:05,140 --> 00:55:03,119 different countries to make it happen so 1319 00:55:07,579 --> 00:55:05,150 I hope that you know in the future for 1320 00:55:09,710 --> 00:55:07,589 for new facilities will maintain that 1321 00:55:12,740 --> 00:55:09,720 those kinds of relationships and have it 1322 00:55:13,970 --> 00:55:12,750 be you know a global project but I think 1323 00:55:16,070 --> 00:55:13,980 you know one of the things that people 1324 00:55:17,750 --> 00:55:16,080 are looking at scientists now and I 1325 00:55:19,849 --> 00:55:17,760 think I think astronauts are interested 1326 00:55:21,500 --> 00:55:19,859 in as well and I think we need to do it 1327 00:55:23,359 --> 00:55:21,510 to further advance the kind of science 1328 00:55:27,410 --> 00:55:23,369 we do on board these orbiting 1329 00:55:31,570 --> 00:55:27,420 laboratories is provide facilities in a 1330 00:55:34,040 --> 00:55:31,580 way that that the astronauts become more 1331 00:55:35,930 --> 00:55:34,050 involved with the actual science where 1332 00:55:38,150 --> 00:55:35,940 there's a more of an more of an active 1333 00:55:40,520 --> 00:55:38,160 interaction with the payloads and the 1334 00:55:42,440 --> 00:55:40,530 science itself so that we're not so 1335 00:55:44,810 --> 00:55:42,450 reliant on having to send samples back 1336 00:55:46,280 --> 00:55:44,820 to the earth for for the scientists on 1337 00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:46,290 the ground to look at it but that we can 1338 00:55:52,700 --> 00:55:50,190 have actual you know kind of cycling of 1339 00:55:55,310 --> 00:55:52,710 the science and the payloads up there in 1340 00:55:57,410 --> 00:55:55,320 a way that we're seeing the results on 1341 00:56:00,410 --> 00:55:57,420 orbit and being able to communicate that 1342 00:56:02,450 --> 00:56:00,420 to ground and then one of the other ways 1343 00:56:04,010 --> 00:56:02,460 that's a very useful thing is that if 1344 00:56:07,490 --> 00:56:04,020 things aren't going quite right as 1345 00:56:09,770 --> 00:56:07,500 planned with an experiment that the crew 1346 00:56:11,540 --> 00:56:09,780 member could be more involved with maybe 1347 00:56:14,380 --> 00:56:11,550 taking a different path that could lead 1348 00:56:16,700 --> 00:56:14,390 to you know the same or a better can 1349 00:56:20,059 --> 00:56:16,710 result that the scientists were looking 1350 00:56:22,489 --> 00:56:20,069 for or you know just be able to help 1351 00:56:24,469 --> 00:56:22,499 things in a more efficient way and I 1352 00:56:26,239 --> 00:56:24,479 think I think both the people that build 1353 00:56:27,380 --> 00:56:26,249 space stations and the laboratories and 1354 00:56:28,999 --> 00:56:27,390 the scientists on the ground that 1355 00:56:31,249 --> 00:56:29,009 developed the research are looking at 1356 00:56:34,099 --> 00:56:31,259 how we make that a more interactive 1357 00:56:35,539 --> 00:56:34,109 experience experience on on orbit and 1358 00:56:39,259 --> 00:56:35,549 will certainly need to do that as we get 1359 00:56:40,819 --> 00:56:39,269 further away from Earth thanks to Cole 1360 00:56:44,930 --> 00:56:40,829 let's try to take a question again from 1361 00:56:48,469 --> 00:56:44,940 University High School in orlando I'm 1362 00:56:50,749 --> 00:56:48,479 Megan Levin from the UHS girls robotics 1363 00:56:53,269 --> 00:56:50,759 teams and our question is how do robots 1364 00:56:57,589 --> 00:56:53,279 and robotics influence life on the space 1365 00:56:59,509 --> 00:56:57,599 station well we we have a great deal of 1366 00:57:02,959 --> 00:56:59,519 robotics on the space station we have 1367 00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:02,969 robotic arms outside that initially were 1368 00:57:06,380 --> 00:57:04,890 used to help construct the International 1369 00:57:09,049 --> 00:57:06,390 Space Station but now we use it for 1370 00:57:11,779 --> 00:57:09,059 experiments we actually have several 1371 00:57:15,799 --> 00:57:11,789 arms that we use for experiments or for 1372 00:57:18,829 --> 00:57:15,809 maintenance repairs we have robotics 1373 00:57:21,199 --> 00:57:18,839 inside we have these things called 1374 00:57:23,569 --> 00:57:21,209 spheres which are these flying robots 1375 00:57:26,660 --> 00:57:23,579 that can fly in formation with each 1376 00:57:29,749 --> 00:57:26,670 other and actually schools use that in 1377 00:57:33,160 --> 00:57:29,759 their robotics competitions to program 1378 00:57:35,239 --> 00:57:33,170 different flight paths and different 1379 00:57:37,249 --> 00:57:35,249 tasks that the robots to do we have 1380 00:57:40,489 --> 00:57:37,259 Robonaut which is a humanoid-looking 1381 00:57:43,640 --> 00:57:40,499 robot robot up there and what the hope 1382 00:57:45,199 --> 00:57:43,650 is for Roman odd is that someday instead 1383 00:57:47,180 --> 00:57:45,209 of sending astronauts out into the 1384 00:57:49,359 --> 00:57:47,190 vacuum of space on a spacewalk we can 1385 00:57:53,900 --> 00:57:49,369 send Robonaut to do some of the repairs 1386 00:57:57,289 --> 00:57:53,910 so we're robotics is a really critical 1387 00:57:59,930 --> 00:57:57,299 aspect of space exploration and it's 1388 00:58:01,789 --> 00:57:59,940 certainly a very important part of the 1389 00:58:02,989 --> 00:58:01,799 space station and we couldn't do what we 1390 00:58:05,059 --> 00:58:02,999 do on the space station without 1391 00:58:09,049 --> 00:58:05,069 significant the significant robotics 1392 00:58:12,190 --> 00:58:09,059 that we have on board but um let's take 1393 00:58:16,839 --> 00:58:14,589 I where the life science class I grew 1394 00:58:19,329 --> 00:58:16,849 school in tyrone pennsylvania in the 1395 00:58:22,569 --> 00:58:19,339 united states our question for you is 1396 00:58:24,520 --> 00:58:22,579 what does it feel like to walk on land 1397 00:58:31,540 --> 00:58:24,530 and breathe the air when you return to 1398 00:58:33,490 --> 00:58:31,550 Earth have another day it feels awesome 1399 00:58:36,730 --> 00:58:33,500 you know it's a Ron mentioned earlier 1400 00:58:38,740 --> 00:58:36,740 about how you know how just impressive 1401 00:58:41,040 --> 00:58:38,750 our bodies are and how quickly our brain 1402 00:58:43,420 --> 00:58:41,050 and our body figures out you know how to 1403 00:58:45,250 --> 00:58:43,430 operate in the environment it's in and 1404 00:58:47,200 --> 00:58:45,260 that's both true from you know that 1405 00:58:49,480 --> 00:58:47,210 going to space standpoint as well as as 1406 00:58:51,760 --> 00:58:49,490 coming back and I can tell you there's 1407 00:58:54,010 --> 00:58:51,770 you know there's something very special 1408 00:58:55,720 --> 00:58:54,020 about when your spacecraft opens up and 1409 00:58:58,780 --> 00:58:55,730 you get that you know that kind of waft 1410 00:59:01,089 --> 00:58:58,790 of fresh air again for me on my first 1411 00:59:03,250 --> 00:59:01,099 landing it was you know kool Kris day in 1412 00:59:05,829 --> 00:59:03,260 November in Florida just you know that 1413 00:59:10,180 --> 00:59:05,839 you know those smells of Earth coming 1414 00:59:12,520 --> 00:59:10,190 into the spacecraft and for a few days 1415 00:59:13,750 --> 00:59:12,530 you certainly feel really heavy once 1416 00:59:16,150 --> 00:59:13,760 you're back on earth you know you're 1417 00:59:17,980 --> 00:59:16,160 walking around and again your body's 1418 00:59:20,140 --> 00:59:17,990 figuring out just how to adapt again and 1419 00:59:21,490 --> 00:59:20,150 and you feel like you weigh about 500 1420 00:59:23,050 --> 00:59:21,500 pounds and you're every time you get up 1421 00:59:24,579 --> 00:59:23,060 your tab and I think okay just think 1422 00:59:27,359 --> 00:59:24,589 about that biggest squat you've ever 1423 00:59:31,089 --> 00:59:27,369 done on uh on a machine at the gym and 1424 00:59:32,470 --> 00:59:31,099 and then it just magically happens and 1425 00:59:34,270 --> 00:59:32,480 you're walking around like it never 1426 00:59:36,430 --> 00:59:34,280 happened before and it's it's a really 1427 00:59:39,220 --> 00:59:36,440 cool thing yeah and I if I could just 1428 00:59:41,650 --> 00:59:39,230 jump in there it kind of that redefines 1429 00:59:43,390 --> 00:59:41,660 your definition of home and on my second 1430 00:59:45,609 --> 00:59:43,400 spaceflight I landed in a capsule in 1431 00:59:47,140 --> 00:59:45,619 Kazakhstan and when we when we hit the 1432 00:59:48,910 --> 00:59:47,150 ground that the capsules are rolled over 1433 00:59:50,440 --> 00:59:48,920 on its side so that I was on the bottom 1434 00:59:52,660 --> 00:59:50,450 and so right next to my face was a 1435 00:59:54,970 --> 00:59:52,670 window that was facing into the dirt and 1436 00:59:57,339 --> 00:59:54,980 I remember looking out that window and 1437 00:59:59,140 --> 00:59:57,349 seeing just some grass and a little 1438 01:00:01,690 --> 00:59:59,150 flower growing out of the ground and 1439 01:00:03,099 --> 01:00:01,700 thinking we're home I can't believe it's 1440 01:00:04,630 --> 01:00:03,109 just as this is so wonderful we're home 1441 01:00:06,849 --> 01:00:04,640 even though we were in Kazakhstan your 1442 01:00:09,220 --> 01:00:06,859 definition of home changes home home 1443 01:00:12,790 --> 01:00:09,230 became earth so it was a really 1444 01:00:15,160 --> 01:00:12,800 interesting experience okay i want to 1445 01:00:16,540 --> 01:00:15,170 ask I know we're out of time I want to 1446 01:00:18,910 --> 01:00:16,550 ask two more questions before we 1447 01:00:21,460 --> 01:00:18,920 conclude this one's for Ron on social 1448 01:00:23,200 --> 01:00:21,470 media at a hundred percent Susan on 1449 01:00:24,579 --> 01:00:23,210 twitter asks if you're going there up 1450 01:00:26,080 --> 01:00:24,589 there in Russian spacecraft which 1451 01:00:29,950 --> 01:00:26,090 language languages do you 1452 01:00:32,740 --> 01:00:29,960 communicate producing clinician Russian 1453 01:00:33,790 --> 01:00:32,750 certainly so if you're writing or if 1454 01:00:36,160 --> 01:00:33,800 you're writing in a Russian spacecraft 1455 01:00:38,560 --> 01:00:36,170 then you're a part of the Russian crew 1456 01:00:40,030 --> 01:00:38,570 on that spacecraft and the language is 1457 01:00:41,800 --> 01:00:40,040 Russian once you get to the 1458 01:00:43,540 --> 01:00:41,810 International Space Station the official 1459 01:00:45,730 --> 01:00:43,550 language is English but we do speak 1460 01:00:49,690 --> 01:00:45,740 Russian on board to if for instance 1461 01:00:51,130 --> 01:00:49,700 talking to the controller in Moscow so 1462 01:00:53,620 --> 01:00:51,140 we're an international crew we need to 1463 01:00:56,950 --> 01:00:53,630 we need to be able to communicate in 1464 01:00:58,600 --> 01:00:56,960 each other's languages great one more 1465 01:01:05,560 --> 01:00:58,610 question and this is gonna be for both 1466 01:01:08,230 --> 01:01:05,570 of you it's from YouTube I'm crystal oh 1467 01:01:11,680 --> 01:01:08,240 I'm raggy and we're from Union High 1468 01:01:13,420 --> 01:01:11,690 School in Iowa our question is what was 1469 01:01:14,920 --> 01:01:13,430 their motive for taking all the training 1470 01:01:16,960 --> 01:01:14,930 and risking your life to go into space 1471 01:01:22,660 --> 01:01:16,970 for the advancements of science thank 1472 01:01:24,520 --> 01:01:22,670 you well I Braun can speak very 1473 01:01:26,170 --> 01:01:24,530 eloquently about this I'm not I'm not so 1474 01:01:27,850 --> 01:01:26,180 good at it but I have to tell you I 1475 01:01:30,850 --> 01:01:27,860 think that you know there's certainly 1476 01:01:33,480 --> 01:01:30,860 the you know the adventure the 1477 01:01:35,350 --> 01:01:33,490 exploration side of it but I think that 1478 01:01:37,600 --> 01:01:35,360 you know something that was said earlier 1479 01:01:40,810 --> 01:01:37,610 about what's you know what really and 1480 01:01:42,790 --> 01:01:40,820 truly is going on up there what what 1481 01:01:47,380 --> 01:01:42,800 we're doing for life both here on the 1482 01:01:50,470 --> 01:01:47,390 planet and and helping us explore beyond 1483 01:01:52,600 --> 01:01:50,480 low-earth orbit is a very worthy goal 1484 01:01:54,760 --> 01:01:52,610 and when we're doing that as 1485 01:01:58,540 --> 01:01:54,770 international community because we know 1486 01:02:01,630 --> 01:01:58,550 that there are benefits for how we live 1487 01:02:03,820 --> 01:02:01,640 and survive here on earth and how we 1488 01:02:07,240 --> 01:02:03,830 learn more about you know why we're here 1489 01:02:09,280 --> 01:02:07,250 and how we're here and all of that I 1490 01:02:13,780 --> 01:02:09,290 think that you know they're there are 1491 01:02:16,630 --> 01:02:13,790 just kind of an eight reasons for doing 1492 01:02:18,220 --> 01:02:16,640 it and it just it's just one of those 1493 01:02:20,650 --> 01:02:18,230 things I think if you do it it just 1494 01:02:22,570 --> 01:02:20,660 makes sense to you and you almost you 1495 01:02:24,550 --> 01:02:22,580 almost really can't like nail down that 1496 01:02:26,560 --> 01:02:24,560 exact that exact reason other than 1497 01:02:28,600 --> 01:02:26,570 knowing there is this kind of greater 1498 01:02:30,970 --> 01:02:28,610 good that comes from doing these kinds 1499 01:02:32,650 --> 01:02:30,980 of things so Nicole I have to disagree 1500 01:02:34,240 --> 01:02:32,660 with you I think that was very eloquent 1501 01:02:37,769 --> 01:02:34,250 and so much so that I don't need to add 1502 01:02:43,630 --> 01:02:41,859 thank you astronauts Ron Garan and 1503 01:02:45,370 --> 01:02:43,640 Nicole stock for joining us also want to 1504 01:02:48,250 --> 01:02:45,380 thank the two NASA Explorer schools and 1505 01:02:50,289 --> 01:02:48,260 Fred that concludes today's Google Plus 1506 01:02:51,880 --> 01:02:50,299 hangout for information about the space 1507 01:02:54,010 --> 01:02:51,890 station research in low-earth orbit 1508 01:02:56,700 --> 01:02:54,020 NASA's commercial space programs in the 1509 01:03:01,029 --> 01:02:56,710 future of American space flight visit w 1510 01:03:02,200 --> 01:03:01,039 WN AC gov / exploration NASA will 1511 01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:02,210 continue to host Hangouts with 1512 01:03:06,370 --> 01:03:03,970 astronauts on the ground and its base 1513 01:03:08,500 --> 01:03:06,380 scientists engineers and managers on the 1514 01:03:10,089 --> 01:03:08,510 agency's missions and milestones to 1515 01:03:13,779 --> 01:03:10,099 learn more about upcoming events follow 1516 01:03:15,309 --> 01:03:13,789 us at google.com / + NASA thank you for 1517 01:03:18,430 --> 01:03:15,319 your questions and thank you for joining 1518 01:03:25,329 --> 01:03:18,440 us goodbye thanks everyone great